Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:24:28.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Recall and recognition in mildly disturbed schizophrenics: the use of matched tasks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Avraham Calev*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr A. Calev, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, West Didsbury, Manchester M20 8LR.

Synopsis

Unlike previous studies, this study shows that in controlled conditions non-chronic schizophrenics receiving neuroleptic medication show no disparity between recall and recognition. Patients receiving both neuroleptic and anticholinergic drugs show this disparity, performing less well on recall than on recognition. These patients also seem more severely disturbed. The importance of task matching, drugs and chronicity are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (third edn) (DSM-III). APA: Washington D.C.Google Scholar
Ammons, R. B. & Ammons, C. H. (1962). Quick Test. Psychological Tests Specialists: Missoula, Montana.Google Scholar
Bauman, E. (1971). Schizophrenic short-term memory: a deficit in subjective organization. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 3, 5565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, E. & Murray, D. J. (1968). Recognition vs. recall in schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychology 22, 1825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1950). Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias (transl. Zinkin, J.). International Universities Press: New York.Google Scholar
Brown, J. (ed.) (1970). Recall and Recognition. Wiley: London.Google Scholar
Calev, A. (1981 a). Post-organizational memory deficits in severely disturbed schizophrenics. Doctoral Thesis: University of York.Google Scholar
Calev, A. (1981 b). Severely disturbed schizophrenics have a memory pathology distinct from mildly disturbed schizophrenics.Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the British Psychological Society,Guildford, Surrey.Google Scholar
Calev, A. (1984). Recall and recognition in chronic non-demented schizophrenics: the use of matched tests. (Submitted for publication.)Google Scholar
Calev, A. & Monk, A. F. (1982). Verbal memory tasks showing no deficit in schizophrenia – fact or artefact? British Journal of Psychiatry 141, 528530.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calev, A., Venables, P. H. & Monk, A. F. (1983). Evidence for distinct verbal memory pathologies in severely and mildly disturbed schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Bulletin 9, 247264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapman, L. J. & Chapman, J. P. (1973). Disordered Thought in Schizophrenia. Appleton-Century-Crofts: New York.Google Scholar
Chapman, L. J. & Chapman, J. P. (1978). The measurement of differential deficits. Journal of Psychiatric Research 14, 303311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crow, T. J. & Mitchell, W. S. (1975). Subjective age in chronic schizophrenia: evidence for a subgroup of patients with defective learning capacity? British Journal of Psychiatry 126, 360363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Datson, P. G. (1959). Effects of two phenothiazine drugs on concentrative attention span of chronic schizophrenics. Journal of Clinical Psychology 15, 106109.Google Scholar
Gardiner, M. J., Hawkins, H. M., Judah, L. N. & Murphee, O. D. (1955). Objective measurement of psychiatric changes produced by chlorpromazine and reserpine in chronic schizophrenia. Psychiatric Research Reports 1, 7783.Google Scholar
Helper, M. M., Wilcott, R. C. & Sol, L. G. (1963). Effects of chlorpromazine on learning and related processes in emotionally disturbed children. Journal of Consulting Psychology 27, 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, J. H., Klinger, D. E. & Williams, T. A. (1977). Recognition in episodic long-term memory in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology 33, 643647.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kintsch, W. (1970). Models for free recall and recognition. In Models of Human Memory (ed. Norman, D. A.), pp. 331373. Academic Press: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koh, S. D. (1978). Remembering of verbal materials by schizophrenic young adults. In Language and Cognition in Schizophrenia (ed. Schwartz, S.), pp. 5599. Lawrence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ.Google Scholar
Koh, S. D. & Kayton, L. (1974). Memorization of ‘unrelated’ word strings by young non-psychotic schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83, 1422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koh, S. D. & Peterson, R. A. (1978). Encoding orientation and the remembering of schizophrenic young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87, 303313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koh, S. D., Kayton, L. & Berry, R. (1973). Mnemonic organization in young non-psychotic schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 81, 299310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koh, S. D., Grinker, R. R., Marusarz, T. Z. & Forman, P. L. (1981). Affective memory and schizophrenic anhedonia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 7, 292307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraepelin, E. (1919). Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia (transl. Barclay, R. M.). Livingstone: Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Mandler, G. (1972). Organization and recognition. In Organization and Memory (ed. Tulving, E. and Donaldson, W.), pp. 146167. Academic Press: New York.Google Scholar
Mason-Brown, N. L. & Bothwick, J. W. (1957). Effects of perphenazine (trilaform) on modification of crude consciousness. Diseases of the Nervous System 18, 28.Google Scholar
Nachmani, G. & Cohen, B. D. (1969). Recall and recognition free learning in schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 74, 511516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neale, J. M. & Oltmanns, T. F. (1980). Schizophrenia. Wiley: New York.Google Scholar
Pearl, D. (1962). Phenothiazine effects in chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology 18, 8689.3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pellegrino, J. W. (1971). A general measure of organization in free recall for variable unit size and internal sequential consistency. Behaviour Research Methods and Instrumentation 3, 241246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potamianos, G. & Kellett, J. M. (1982). Anticholinergic drugs and memory: the effects of benzhexol on memory in a group of geriatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 140, 470472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raulin, M. L. & Chapman, L. J. (1976). Schizophrenic recall and contextual constraint. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 85, 151155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, P. N., Bannatyne, P. A. & Smith, J. F. (1975). Associative strength as a mode of organization in recall and recognition: a comparison of schizophrenics and normals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 84, 122128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Traupmann, K. L. (1975). Effects of categorization and imagery on recognition and recall by process and reactive schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 84, 307314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tulving, E. & Thompson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review 80, 352373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tune, L. E., Strauss, M. E., Lew, M. F., Breitlinger, E. & Coyle, J. T. (1982). Serum levels of anticholinergic drugs and impaired recent memory in chronic schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 139, 14601462.Google ScholarPubMed
Vestre, N. D. (1961). The effect of thorazine on learning and retention in schizophrenic patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 63, 432435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed