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Psychopathology in young adults born at extremely low birth weight

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2010

M. H. Boyle ,
V. Miskovic ,
R. Van Lieshout ,
L. Duncan ,
L. A. Schmidt ,
L. Hoult ,
N. Paneth  and
S. Saigal
M. H. Boyle*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
V. Miskovic
Affiliation:
McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery, & Study (MiNDS), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
R. Van Lieshout
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
L. Duncan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
L. A. Schmidt
Affiliation:
Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery, & Study (MiNDS), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
L. Hoult
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
N. Paneth
Affiliation:
Departments of Epidemiology and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
S. Saigal
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
*
*Address for correspondence: M. H. Boyle, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University and Offord Center for Child Studies, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Little is known about the long-term mental health of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (<1000 g) survivors. We test whether young adults aged 22 to 26 years born at ELBW differ from normal birth weight (NBW) controls in self-reported levels of psychopathology.

Method

Participants included 142 ELBW survivors (86% response) born between 1977 and 1982 to residents of central-west Ontario, Canada and 133 NBW control subjects (92% response). The Young Adult Self-Report measure was used to create five DSM-IV oriented scales aggregated to form internalizing (depressive problems, anxiety problems, avoidant personality problems) and externalizing (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder problems and antisocial personality problems) scales.

Results

After adjusting for family background characteristics, mean scores for ELBW survivors were 3.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–5.26] points higher for internalizing problems and no different, i.e. 0.00 (95% CI −1.17 to 1.17), for externalizing problems. There was a sex×group statistical interaction such that being male muted the risk for externalizing problems among those born at ELBW: −2.11 (95% CI −4.21 to −0.01). Stratifying ELBW adults as born small for gestational age (SGA) versus appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) revealed a significant gradient of risk for levels of internalizing problems that was largest for SGA, i.e. 4.75 (95% CI 1.24–8.26), and next largest for AGA, 2.49 (95% CI 0.11–4.87), compared with NBW controls.

Conclusions

Depression, anxiety and avoidant personality problems (internalizing problems) are elevated in young adulthood among ELBW survivors. This effect is relatively small overall but noticeably larger among ELBW survivors born SGA.

Keywords

Extremely low birth weightlongitudinal studiespsychopathology
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 41 , Issue 8 , August 2011 , pp. 1763 - 1774
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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