Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T01:04:32.233Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prevalence, impact and cultural context of psychotic experiences among ethnic minority youth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2014

M. Adriaanse ,
L. van Domburgh ,
H. W. Hoek ,
E. Susser ,
T. A. H. Doreleijers  and
W. Veling
M. Adriaanse*
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Centre, The Netherlands Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
L. van Domburgh
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Centre, The Netherlands Research and Development, Intermetzo Youth Care, Zutphen, The Netherlands
H. W. Hoek
Affiliation:
Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
E. Susser
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
T. A. H. Doreleijers
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Centre, The Netherlands
W. Veling
Affiliation:
Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
*
*Address for correspondence: M. Adriaanse, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Centre, P.O. box 303, 1115 ZG Duivendrecht, The Netherlands. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

The risk for psychotic disorders is increased for many ethnic minority groups and may develop in early childhood. This study investigated whether the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PE) with high impact is higher among ethnic minority youth compared to majority youth and examined the significance of these PE.

Method

A school-based study assessed a large community sample of 1545 ethnic minority and majority children in The Netherlands (mean age 12.98 ± 1.81 years). The Dutch (n = 702, 45.4%), Moroccan-Dutch (n = 400, 25.9%) and Turkish-Dutch (n = 170, 11.0%) ethnic groups could be studied separately. Self-report questionnaires on PE, impact and cultural context were administered.

Results

Prevalence of PE with high impact was 3.1% in Dutch, 9.5% in Moroccan-Dutch and 7.1% in Turkish-Dutch youth. Compared to Dutch youth, odds ratios were 3.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–5.1] for Moroccan-Dutch youth and 2.2 (95% CI 1.1–4.6) for Turkish-Dutch youth. Differences were not explained by cultural or religious differences.

Conclusions

The increased risk for psychotic disorders in ethnic minorities may already be detectable in childhood, since PE with high impact were more common among ethnic minority youth compared to majority youth. The additional measurement of impact of PE appears to be a valid approach to identify those children at risk to develop psychotic or other more common psychiatric disorders.

Keywords

Child psychiatryethnicitypsychosisriskschizophrenia
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 45 , Issue 3 , February 2015 , pp. 637 - 646
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achenbach, TM, Becker, A, Döpfner, M, Heiervang, E, Roessner, V, Steinhausen, HC, Rothenberger, A (2008). Multicultural assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology with ASEBA and SDQ instruments: research findings, applications, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 49, 251–275.Google Scholar
Adriaanse, M, Veling, W, Doreleijers, T, van Domburgh, L (2014). The link between ethnicity, social disadvantage and mental health problems in a school-based multi-ethnic sample of children in the Netherlands. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published online: 14 June 2014 . doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0564-5.Google Scholar
Blom, JD, Eker, H, Basalan, H, Aouaj, Y, Hoek, HW (2010). Hallucinations attributed to djinns. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 154, A973.Google ScholarPubMed
Bourque, F, van der Ven, E, Malla, A (2011). A meta-analysis of the risk for psychotic disorders among first- and second-generation immigrants. Psychological Medicine 41, 897–910.Google Scholar
Cannon, M, Clarke, MC (2005). Risk for schizophrenia-broadening the concepts, pushing back the boundaries. Schizophrenia Research 79, 5–13.Google Scholar
Coid, JW, Kirkbride, JB, Barker, D, Cowden, F, Stamps, R, Yang, M, Jones, PB (2008). Raised incidence rates of all psychoses among migrant groups: findings from the East London first episode psychosis study. Archives of General Psychiatry 65, 1250–1258.Google Scholar
Collip, D, Myin-Germeys, I, van Os, J (2008). Does the concept of ‘sensitization’ provide a plausible mechanism for the putative link between the environment and schizophrenia? Schizophrenia Bulletin 34, 220–225.Google Scholar
Currie, C, Molcho, M, Boyce, W, Holstein, B, Torsheim, T, Richter, M (2008). Researching health inequalities in adolescents: the development of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) family affluence scale. Social Science and Medicine 66, 1429–1436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Downs, JM, Cullen, AE, Barragan, M, Laurens, KR (2013). Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort. Schizophrenia Research 144, 99–104.Google Scholar
Fusar-Poli, P, Yung, AR, McGorry, P, van Os, J (2014). Lessons learned from the psychosis high-risk state: towards a general staging model of prodromal intervention. Psychological Medicine 44, 17–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, R (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38, 581–586.Google Scholar
Kaufman, J, Birmaher, B, Brent, D, Rao, U, Flynn, C, Moreci, P, Williamson, D, Ryan, N (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36, 980–988.Google Scholar
Kelleher, I, Connor, D, Clarke, MC, Devlin, N, Harley, M, Cannon, M (2012 a). Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Psychological Medicine 42, 1857–1863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelleher, I, Keeley, H, Corcoran, P, Lynch, F, Fitzpatrick, C, Devlin, N, Molloy, C, Roddy, S, Clarke, MC, Harley, M, Arseneault, L, Wasserman, C, Carli, V, Sarchiapone, M, Hoven, C, Wasserman, D, Cannon, M (2012 b). Clinicopathological significance of psychotic experiences in non-psychotic young people: evidence from four population-based studies. British Journal of Psychiatry 201, 26–32.Google Scholar
Laurens, KR, Hodgins, S, Maughan, B, Murray, RM, Rutter, ML, Taylor, EA (2007). Community screening for psychotic-like experiences and other putative antecedents of schizophrenia in children aged 9–12 years. Schizophrenia Research 90, 130–146.Google Scholar
Laurens, KR, West, SA, Murray, RM, Hodgins, S (2008). Psychotic-like experiences and other antecedents of schizophrenia in children aged 9–12 years: a comparison of ethnic and migrant groups in the United Kingdom. Psychological Medicine 38, 1103–1111.Google Scholar
Linscott, RJ, van Os, J (2013). An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: on the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders. Psychological Medicine 43, 1133–1149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lovatt, A, Mason, O, Brett, C, Peters, E (2010). Psychotic-like experiences, appraisals, and trauma. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 198, 813–819.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGorry, PD, Nelson, B, Goldstone, S, Yung, AR (2010). Clinical staging: a heuristic and practical strategy for new research and better health and social outcomes for psychotic and related mood disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 55, 486–497.Google Scholar
Morgan, C, Charalambides, M, Hutchinson, G, Murray, RM (2010). Migration, ethnicity, and psychosis: toward a sociodevelopmental model. Schizophrenia Bulletin 36, 655–664.Google Scholar
Patino, LR, Selten, JP, van Engeland, H, Duyx, JHM, Kahn, RS, Burger, H (2005). Migration, family dysfunction and psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry 186, 442–443.Google Scholar
Poulton, R, Caspi, A, Moffitt, TE, Cannon, M, Murray, R, Harrington, H (2000). Children's self-reported psychotic symptoms and adult schizophreniform disorder: a 15-year longitudinal study. Archives of General Psychiatry 57, 1053–1058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, J, Martin, G, Welham, J, Bor, W, Najman, J, O'Callaghan, M, Williams, G, Aird, R, McGrath, J (2009). Psychopathology during childhood and adolescence predicts delusional-like experiences in adults: a 21-year birth cohort study. American Journal of Psychiatry 166, 567–574.Google Scholar
Selten, JP, Cantor-Graae, E (2005). Social defeat: risk factor for schizophrenia? British Journal of Psychiatry 187, 101–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaffer, D, Fisher, P, Dulcan, MK, Davies, M, Piacentini, J, Schwab-Stone, ME, Lahey, BB, Bourdon, K, Jensen, PS, Bird, HR, Canino, G, Regier, DA (1996). The NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version 2.3 (DISC-2.3): description, acceptability, prevalence rates, and performance in the MECA study. Methods for the epidemiology of child and adolescent mental disorders study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 35, 865–877.Google Scholar
Stevens, GWJM, Vollebergh, WAM, Pels, TVM, Crijnen, AAM (2005). Predicting internalizing problems in Moroccan immigrant adolescents in The Netherlands. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40, 1003–1011.Google Scholar
Vanheusden, K, Mulder, CL, van der Ende, J, Selten, JP, van Lenthe, FJ, Verhulst, FC, Mackenbach, JP (2008). Associations between ethnicity and self-reported hallucinations in a population sample of young adults in The Netherlands. Psychological Medicine 38, 1095–1102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Os, J, Kenis, G, Rutten, BPF (2010). The environment and schizophrenia. Nature 468, 203–212.Google Scholar
van Os, J, Linscott, RJ, Myin-Germeys, I, Delespaul, P, Krabbendam, L (2009). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychological Medicine 39, 179–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veling, W, Hoek, HW, Selten, JP, Susser, E (2011). Age at migration and future risk of psychotic disorders among immigrants in the Netherlands: a 7-year incidence study. American Journal of Psychiatry 168, 1278–1285.Google Scholar
Veling, W, Selten, JP, Susser, E, Laan, W, Mackenbach, JP, Hoek, HW (2007). Discrimination and the incidence of psychotic disorders among ethnic minorities in The Netherlands. International Journal of Epidemiology 36, 761–768.Google Scholar
Veling, W, Selten, JP, Veen, N, Laan, W, Blom, JD, Hoek, HW (2006). Incidence of schizophrenia among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands: a four-year first-contact study. Schizophrenia Research 86, 189–193.Google Scholar
Veling, W, Susser, E (2011). Migration and psychotic disorders. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 11, 65–76.Google Scholar
Welham, J, Scott, J, Williams, G, Najman, J, Bor, W, O'Callaghan, M, McGrath, J (2009). Emotional and behavioural antecedents of young adults who screen positive for non-affective psychosis: a 21-year birth cohort study. Psychological Medicine 39, 625–634.Google Scholar
Wigman, JTW, van Winkel, R, Raaijmakers, QAW, Ormel, J, Verhulst, FC, Reijneveld, SA, van Os, J, Vollebergh, WAM (2011). Evidence for a persistent, environment-dependent and deteriorating subtype of subclinical psychotic experiences: a 6-year longitudinal general population study. Psychological Medicine 41, 2317–2329.Google Scholar
World Bank (2012). World Development Indicators 2012. Development Data Group: Washington.Google Scholar
Zammit, S, Kounali, D, Cannon, M, David, AS, Gunnell, D, Heron, J, Jones, PB, Lewis, S, Sullivan, S, Wolke, D, Lewis, G (2013). Psychotic experiences and psychotic disorders at age 18 in relation to psychotic experiences at age 12 in a longitudinal population-based cohort study. American Journal of Psychiatry 170, 742–750.Google Scholar
Zandi, T, Havenaar, JM, Smits, M, Limburg-Okken, AG, van Es, H, Cahn, W, Algra, A, Kahn, RS, van den Brink, W (2010). First contact incidence of psychotic disorders among native Dutch and Moroccan immigrants in the Netherlands: influence of diagnostic bias. Schizophrenia Research 119, 27–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Adriaanse Supplementary Material

Table S1

Download Adriaanse Supplementary Material(File)
File 57.4 KB