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Personality diatheses and Hurricane Sandy: effects on post-disaster depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2015

D. C. Kopala-Sibley ,
R. Kotov ,
E. J. Bromet ,
G. A. Carlson ,
A. P. Danzig ,
S. R. Black  and
D. N. Klein
D. C. Kopala-Sibley*
Affiliation:
Psychology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
R. Kotov
Affiliation:
Psychology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Psychiatry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
E. J. Bromet
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
G. A. Carlson
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
A. P. Danzig
Affiliation:
Psychology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
S. R. Black
Affiliation:
Psychology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
D. N. Klein
Affiliation:
Psychology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: D. C. Kopala-Sibley, Ph.D., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

According to diathesis–stress models, personality traits, such as negative emotionality (NE) and positive emotionality (PE), may moderate the effects of stressors on the development of depression. However, relatively little empirical research has directly examined whether NE and PE act as diatheses in the presence of stressful life events, and no research has examined whether they moderate the effect of disaster exposure on depressive symptoms. Hurricane Sandy, the second costliest hurricane in US history, offers a unique opportunity to address these gaps.

Method

A total of 318 women completed measures of NE and PE 5 years prior to Hurricane Sandy. They were also assessed for lifetime depressive disorders on two occasions, the latter occurring an average of 1 year before the hurricane. Approximately 8 weeks after the disaster (mean = 8.40, s.d. = 1.48 weeks), participants completed a hurricane stress exposure questionnaire and a measure of current depressive symptoms.

Results

Adjusting for lifetime history of depressive disorders, higher levels of stress from Hurricane Sandy predicted elevated levels of depressive symptoms, but only in participants with high levels of NE or low levels of PE.

Conclusions

These findings support the role of personality in the development of depression and suggest that personality traits can be useful in identifying those most vulnerable to major stressors, including natural disasters.

Keywords

Depressionnatural disastersnegative emotionalitypersonalitypositive emotionality
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 46 , Issue 4 , March 2016 , pp. 865 - 875
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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