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Paralimbic and lateral prefrontal encoding of reward value during intertemporal choice in attempted suicide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2015

P. M. Vanyukov ,
K. Szanto ,
M. N. Hallquist ,
G. J. Siegle ,
C. F. Reynolds III ,
S. D. Forman ,
H. J. Aizenstein  and
A. Y. Dombrovski
P. M. Vanyukov
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 5213, USA
K. Szanto
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 5213, USA
M. N. Hallquist
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 5213, USA
G. J. Siegle
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 5213, USA
C. F. Reynolds III
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 5213, USA
S. D. Forman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 5213, USA
H. J. Aizenstein
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 5213, USA
A. Y. Dombrovski*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 5213, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: A. Y. Dombrovski, Ph.D., Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, BT 742, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Alongside impulsive suicide attempts, clinicians encounter highly premeditated suicidal acts, particularly in older adults. We have previously found that in contrast to the more impulsive suicide attempters’ inability to delay gratification, serious and highly planned suicide attempts were associated with greater willingness to wait for larger rewards. This study examined neural underpinnings of intertemporal preference in suicide attempters. We expected that impulsivity and suicide attempts, particularly poorly planned ones, would predict altered paralimbic subjective value representations. We also examined lateral prefrontal and paralimbic correlates of premeditation in suicidal behavior.

Method

A total of 48 participants aged 46–90 years underwent extensive clinical and cognitive characterization and completed the delay discounting task in the scanner: 26 individuals with major depression (13 with and 13 without history of suicide attempts) and 22 healthy controls.

Results

More impulsive individuals displayed greater activation in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to value difference favoring the delayed option. Suicide attempts, particularly better-planned ones, were associated with deactivation of the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) in response to value difference favoring the immediate option. Findings were robust to medication exposure, depression severity and possible brain damage from suicide attempts, among other confounders. Finally, in suicide attempters longer reward delays were associated with diminished parahippocampal responses.

Conclusions

Impulsivity was associated with an altered paralimbic (precuneus/PCC) encoding of value difference during intertemporal choice. By contrast, better-planned suicidal acts were associated with altered lPFC representations of value difference. The study provides preliminary evidence of impaired decision processes in both impulsive and premeditated suicidal behavior.

Keywords

Agingdiscountingimpulsivityneuroimagingsuicide
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , January 2016 , pp. 381 - 391
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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