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Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and interleukin-10 after antidepressant treatment in people with depression: a meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 February 2012

S. A. Hiles ,
A. L. Baker ,
T. de Malmanche  and
J. Attia
S. A. Hiles*
Affiliation:
Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
A. L. Baker
Affiliation:
Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
T. de Malmanche
Affiliation:
Immunology, Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
J. Attia
Affiliation:
Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
*
*Address for correspondence: Ms. S. A. Hiles, Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Cross-sectional studies support an association between depression and inflammatory markers. However, little is known of their relationship in the context of antidepressant treatment. Our aim was to explore via meta-analysis whether antidepressant treatment is associated with a reduction in three inflammatory markers associated with depression.

Method

A computerized search of EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases was completed using subject headings for depression and either interleukin-6, C-reactive protein or interleukin-10, selecting studies which reported circulating levels of inflammatory markers before and after antidepressant treatment for people with depression. Outcome and moderator variables were coded for analysis, including inflammatory marker change, depression severity change, age, gender ratio, assay brand, treatment response and weight change.

Results

Pooled effect sizes showed a significant decrease in interleukin-6 (n=14, d=−0.42, p=0.02), marginally significant decrease in C-reactive protein (n=8, d=−0.57, p=0.05) and a non-significant decrease in interleukin-10 (n=3, d=−0.45, p=0.14) after treatment. High levels of heterogeneity were observed, which may be associated with clinical variations between the studies such as weight gain, anxiety, incomplete remission and other individual differences and co-morbidities.

Conclusions

The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that there may be a normalization of overactive inflammatory processes following antidepressant treatment.

Keywords

C-reactive proteindepressioninflammationinterleukinmeta-analysissystematic review
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 42 , Issue 10 , October 2012 , pp. 2015 - 2026
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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