Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T01:46:27.228Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Heritability and familiality of neurological soft signs: evidence from healthy twins, patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic first-degree relatives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2015

T. Xu ,
Y. Wang ,
Z. Li ,
J. Huang ,
S. S. Y. Lui ,
S.-P. Tan ,
X. Yu ,
E. F. C. Cheung ,
M.-G. He  and
J. Ott
...Show all authors
T. Xu
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. Wang
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Z. Li
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J. Huang
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
S. S. Y. Lui
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
S.-P. Tan
Affiliation:
Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
X. Yu
Affiliation:
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China Peking University of Mental Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, People's Republic of China
E. F. C. Cheung
Affiliation:
Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
M.-G. He
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Australia
J. Ott
Affiliation:
Statistical Genetics Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
R. E. Gur
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
R. C. Gur
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
R. C. K. Chan*
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
*
*Address for correspondence: R. C. K. Chan, Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background.

Neurological soft signs (NSS) have long been considered potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia. However, few studies have investigated the heritability and familiality of NSS. The present study examined the heritability and familiality of NSS in healthy twins and patient–relative pairs.

Method.

The abridged version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory was administered to 267 pairs of monozygotic twins, 124 pairs of dizygotic twins, and 75 pairs of patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic first-degree relatives.

Results.

NSS were found to have moderate but significant heritability in the healthy twin sample. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia correlated closely with their first-degree relatives on NSS.

Conclusions.

Taken together, the findings provide evidence on the heritability and familiality of NSS in the Han Chinese population.

Keywords

Endophenotypesfamilialityhealthy twinsheritabilityneurological soft signs
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 46 , Issue 1 , January 2016 , pp. 117 - 123
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision. APA: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Chan, RCK, Gottesman, II (2008). Neurological soft signs as candidate endophenotypes for schizophrenia: a shooting star or a Northern star? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 32, 957–971.Google Scholar
Chan, RCK, Gottesman, II, Ge, XJ, Sham, PC (2010 a). Strategies for the study of neuropsychiatric disorders using endophenotypes in developing countries: a potential databank from China. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 4, 207.Google Scholar
Chan, RCK, Wang, Y, Wang, L, Chen, EYH, Manschreck, TC, Li, ZJ, Yu, X, Gong, QY (2009). Neurological soft signs and their relationships to neurocognitive functions: a re-visit with the structural equation modeling design. PLoS ONE 4, e8469.Google Scholar
Chan, RCK, Wang, Y, Zhao, Q, Yan, C, Xu, T, Gong, Q, Manschreck, TC (2010 b). Neurological soft signs in individuals with schizotypal personality features. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 44, 800–804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, RCK, Xu, T, Heinrichs, RW, Yu, Y, Gong, QY (2010 c). Neurological soft signs in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 34, 889–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, RCK, Xu, T, Heinrichs, RW, Yu, Y, Wang, Y (2010 d). Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 36, 1089–1104.Google Scholar
Chen, EYH, Chan, RCK (2003). The Cambridge Neurological Inventory: clinical, demographic, and ethnic correlates. Psychiatric Annals 33, 202–210.Google Scholar
Chen, EYH, Shapleske, J, Luque, R, McKenna, PJ, Hodges, JR, Calloway, SP, Hymas, NFS, Dening, TR, Berrios, GE (1995). The Cambridge Neurological Inventory – a clinical instrument for assessment of soft neurological signs in psychiatric-patients. Psychiatry Research 56, 183–204.Google Scholar
Compton, MT, Bollini, AM, Mack, LM, Kryda, AD, Rutland, J, Weiss, PS, Bercu, Z, Esterberg, ML, Walker, EF (2007). Neurological soft signs and minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders, their first-degree biological relatives, and non-psychiatric controls. Schizophrenia Research 94, 64–73.Google Scholar
Falconer, DS (1973). Threshold model of disease. Biometrics 29, 420–420.Google Scholar
Gong, YX (1992). Manual of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Chinese Version. Chinese Map Press: China.Google Scholar
Gottesman, II, Gould, TD (2003). The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. American Journal of Psychiatry 160, 636–645.Google Scholar
Gourion, D, Goldberger, C, Bourdel, MC, Bayle, FJ, Millet, B, Olie, JP, Krebs, MO (2003). Neurological soft-signs and minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: differential transmission within families. Schizophrenia Research 63, 181–187.Google Scholar
Greenwood, TA, Swerdlow, NR, Gur, RE, Cadenhead, KS, Calkins, ME, Dobie, DJ, Freedman, R, Green, MF, Gur, RC, Lazzeroni, LC, Nuechterlein, KH, Olincy, A, Radant, AD, Ray, A, Schork, NJ, Seidman, LJ, Siever, LJ, Silverman, JM, Stone, WS, Sugar, CA, Tsuang, DW, Tsuang, MT, Turetsky, BI, Light, GA, Braff, DL (2013). Genome-wide linkage analyses of 12 endophenotypes for schizophrenia from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 170, 521–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gureje, O (1988). Neurological soft signs in Nigerian schizophrenics – a controlled-study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 78, 505–509.Google Scholar
Hartl, DL, Clark, AG (2007). Principles of Population Genetics. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.Google Scholar
Heinrichs, DW, Buchanan, RW (1988). Significance and meaning of neurological signs in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 145, 11–18.Google ScholarPubMed
Ismail, BT, Cantor-Graae, E, Cardenal, S, McNeil, TF (1998). Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenia: clinical, etiological and demographic correlates. Schizophrenia Research 30, 229–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, MC, Miller, G (2006). Resolving the paradox of common, harmful, heritable mental disorders: which evolutionary genetic models work best? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, 385–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luria, AR (1966). Higher Cortical Functions in Man. Basic Books: New York.Google Scholar
Neale, M, Boker, S, Xie, G, Maes, H (2003). Mx: Statistical Modeling. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University: Richmond, VA.Google Scholar
Neale, MC, Maes, HHM (2004). Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families. Kluwer Academic Publishers B.V.: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Picchioni, MM, Toulopoulou, T, Landau, S, Davies, N, Ribchester, T, Murray, RM (2006). Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenic twins. Biological Psychiatry 59, 341–348.Google Scholar
Rao, H, Di, X, Chan, RCK, Ding, Y, Ye, B, Gao, D (2008). A regulation role of the prefrontal cortex in the Fist-Edge-Palm task: evidence from functional connectivity analysis. NeuroImage 41, 1345–1351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rijsdijk, FV, Van Haren, NEM, Picchioni, MM, McDonald, C, Toulopoulou, T, Pol, HEH, Kahn, RS, Murray, R, Sham, PC (2005). Brain MRI abnormalities in schizophrenia: same genes or same environment? Psychological Medicine 35, 1399–1409.Google Scholar
Sanders, RD, Joo, YH, Almasy, L, Wood, J, Keshavan, MS, Pogue-Gelle, MF, Gur, RC, Gur, RE, Nimponkar, VL (2006). Are neurologic examination abnormalities heritable? A preliminary study. Schizophrenia Research 86, 172–180.Google Scholar
Seidman, LJ, Hellemann, G, Nuecherlein, KH, Greenwood, TA, Braff, DL, Cadenhead, KS, Calkins, ME, Freedman, R, Gur, RE, Gur, RC, Lazzeroni, LC, Light, GA, Olincy, A, Radant, AD, Siever, LJ, Silverman, JM, Sprock, J, Stone, WS, Sugar, C, Swerdlow, NR, Tsuang, DW, Tsuang, MT, Turesky, BI, Green, MF (2015). Factor structure and heritability of endophenotypes in schizophrenia: findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS-1). Schizophrenia Research 163, 73–79.Google Scholar
Swerdlow, NR, Gur, RE, Braff, DL (2015). Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) assessment of endophenotypes for schizophrenia: an introduction to this Special Issue of schizophrenia research. Schizophrenia Research 163, 9–16.Google Scholar
Tsuang, MT, Faraone, SV (1999). The concept of target features in schizophrenia research. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 99, 2–11.Google Scholar
Yazici, AH, Demir, B, Yazici, KM, Gogus, A (2002). Neurological soft signs in schizophrenic patients and their nonpsychotic siblings. Schizophrenia Research 58, 241–246.Google Scholar
Zhao, Q, Li, Z, Huang, J, Yan, C, Dazzan, P, Pantelis, C, Cheung, EFC, Lui, SSY, Chan, RCK (2014). Neurological soft signs are not “soft” in brain structure and functional networks: evidence from ALE meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 40, 626–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Q, Ma, YT, Lui, SSY, Liu, WH, Xu, T, Yu, X, Tan, SP, Wang, ZR, Qu, M, Wang, Y, Huang, J, Cheung, EFC, Dazzan, P, Chan, RCK (2013). Neurological soft signs discriminate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 43, 72–78.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Xu supplementary material

Table S1 and Figure S1

Download Xu supplementary material(File)
File 60.9 KB