Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T15:17:55.307Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factor analysis of objective and subjective characteristics of a night's sleep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

M. W. Johns
M. W. Johns
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Environmental Physiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Factor analysis was performed on objectively measured and subjectively reported characteristics of 46 nights' sleep in four healthy male subjects. The fragmentation of sleep by awakenings during the night, the delay before falling asleep, the total duration of sleep, and the amount of delta-wave sleep formed the bases of four separate factors.

Type
Preliminary Communication
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 5 , Issue 4 , November 1975 , pp. 413 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baekeland, F., and Hoy, P. (1971). Reported vs. recordedsleep characteristics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 548–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dement, W., and Kleitman, N. (1957). Cyclic variation in EEG during sleep and their relation to eye movements, body motility and dreaming. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 9, 673–690.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Detre, T. (1966). Sleep disorder and psychosis. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 11, suppl. S169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunleavy, D. L. F., Oswald, I., Brown, P., and Strong, J. A. (1974). Hyperthyroidism, sleep and growth hormone. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 36, 259–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, J. E., and Lewis, S. A. (1968). Drug withdrawal state: an EEG sleep study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 19, 631–634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feinberg, I., and Carlson, V. R. (1968). Sleep variables as a function of age in man. Archives of General Psychiatry, 18, 239–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmon, H. H. (1967). Modern Factor Analysis. 2nd edn.University of Chicago Press: Chicago.Google Scholar
Hartmann, E. (1973). The Functions of Sleep. Yale University Press: New Haven.Google Scholar
Johns, M. W. (1971). Methods for assessing human sleep. Archives of Internal Medicine, 127, 484–492.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, M. W. (1975). Factor analysis of subjectively reported sleep habits, and the nature of insomnia. Psychological Medicine, 5, 83–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, M. W., Egan, P., Gay, T. J. A., and Masterton, J. P. (1970). Sleep habits and symptoms in male medical and surgical patients. British Medical Journal, 2, 509–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, M. W., Gay, T. J. A., Goodyear, M. D. E., and Masterton, J. P. (1971b). Sleep habits of healthy young adults: use of a sleep questionnaire. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25, 236–241.Google ScholarPubMed
Johns, M. W., Gay, T. J. A., Masterton, J. P., and Bruce, D. W. (1971a). Relationship between sleep habits, adrenocortical activity and personality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 33, 499–508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, M. W., Bruce, D. W., and Masterton, J. P. (1974). Psychological correlates of sleep habits reported by healthy young adults. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 47, 181–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, M. W., Masterton, J. P., Paddle-Ledinek, J. E., Patel, Y. C., Winikoff, D., and Malinek, M. (1975). Variations in thyroid function and sleep in healthy young men. (To be published).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, L. C. (1973). Are stages of sleep related to waking behavior? American Scientist, 61, 326–338.Google ScholarPubMed
Kales, A., and Tan, T-L. (1968). Sleep alterations associated with medical illness. In Sleep, Physiology and Pathology, Pp. 148–157, Edited by Kales, A.. Lippincott: Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Kales, A. (1969). Psychophysiological studies of insomnia. Annals of Internal Medicine, 71, 625–629.Google Scholar
Karacan, I., Williams, R. L., Littell, R. C., and Salis, P. J. (1973). Insomniacs: unpredictable and idiosyncratic sleepers. In Sleep-Physiology, Biochemistry, Psychology, Pharmacology, Clinical Implications, pp. 120–129. Edited by Koella, W. P. and Levin, P.. Karger: Basel.Google Scholar
Kupfer, D. J., Wyatt, R. J., Scott, J., and Snyder, F. (1970). Sleep disturbance in acute schizophrenia patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 1213–1223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, S. A. (1969). Subjective estimates of sleep: an EEG evaluation. British Journal of Psychology, 60, 203–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monroe, L. J. (1967). Psychological and physiological differences between good and poor sleepers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72, 255–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monroe, L. J. (1969). Inter-rater reliability and the role of experience in scoring EEG sleep records: phase 1. Psychophysiology, 5, 376–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oswald, I. (1968). Drugs and sleep. Pharmacological Reviews, 20, 273–303.Google ScholarPubMed
Rechtschaffen, A., and Kales, A. (1968). A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Bulletin 204, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda.Google Scholar
Rechtschaffen, A., and Monroe, L. J. (1968). Laboratory studies of insomnia. In Sleep, Physiology and Pathology, pp. 158–169. Edited by Kales, A.. Lippincott: Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Wyatt, R. J., Fram, D. H., Kupfer, D. J., and Snyder, F. (1971). Total prolonged drug-induced REM sleep suppression in anxious-depressed patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 145–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zepelin, H., and Rechtschaffen, A. (1973). Relationships between mammalian sleep parameters and other constitutional variables.Paper presented at 13th Annual Meeting, Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep,San Diego.Google Scholar