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Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder at the age of 6 years and clinical and functional outcomes 3 years later

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2016

L. R. Dougherty ,
V. C. Smith ,
S. J. Bufferd ,
E. M. Kessel ,
G. A. Carlson  and
D. N. Klein
L. R. Dougherty*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park State, MD, USA
V. C. Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park State, MD, USA
S. J. Bufferd
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
E. M. Kessel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
G. A. Carlson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
D. N. Klein
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: L. Dougherty, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Little is known about the predictive validity of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). This longitudinal, community-based study examined associations of DMDD at the age of 6 years with psychiatric disorders, functional impairment, peer functioning and service use at the age of 9 years.

Method

A total of 473 children were assessed at the ages of 6 and 9 years. Child psychopathology and functional impairment were assessed at the age of 6 years with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment with parents and at the age of 9 years with the Kiddie-Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) with parents and children. At the age of 9 years, mothers, fathers and youth completed the Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, and teachers and K-SADS interviewers completed measures of peer functioning. Significant demographic covariates were included in all models.

Results

DMDD at the age of 6 years predicted a current diagnosis of DMDD at the age of 9 years. DMDD at the age of 6 years also predicted current and lifetime depressive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at the age of 9 years, after controlling for all age 6 years psychiatric disorders. In addition, DMDD predicted depressive, ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder symptoms on the K-SADS, and maternal and paternal reports of depressive symptoms on the CDI, after controlling for the corresponding symptom scale at the age of 6 years. Last, DMDD at the age of 6 years predicted greater functional impairment, peer problems and educational support service use at the age of 9 years, after controlling for all psychiatric disorders at the age of 6 years.

Conclusions

Children with DMDD are at high risk for impaired functioning across childhood, and this risk is not accounted for by co-morbid conditions.

Keywords

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorderirritabilitylongitudinal studies
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 46 , Issue 5 , April 2016 , pp. 1103 - 1114
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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