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Association of extent of cannabis use and psychotic like intoxication experiences in a multi-national sample of first episode psychosis patients and controls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2020

Musa Sami Open the ORCID record for Musa Sami [Opens in a new window] ,
Diego Quattrone ,
Laura Ferraro ,
Giada Tripoli ,
Erika La Cascia ,
Charlotte Gayer-Anderson ,
Jean-Paul Selten ,
Celso Arango ,
Miguel Bernardo  and
Ilaria Tarricone
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Musa Sami*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK Institute of Mental Health, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Diego Quattrone
Affiliation:
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
Laura Ferraro
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Via G. La Loggia 1, 9012 9Palermo, Italy
Giada Tripoli
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
Erika La Cascia
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Via G. La Loggia 1, 9012 9Palermo, Italy
Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
Affiliation:
Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
Jean-Paul Selten
Affiliation:
Rivierduinen Institute for Mental Health Care, Sandifortdreef 19, 2333 ZZLeiden, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MDMaastricht, The Netherlands
Celso Arango
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM (CIBERSAM), C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007Madrid, Spain
Miguel Bernardo
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Ilaria Tarricone
Affiliation:
Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Pepoli 5, 40126Bologna, Italy
Andrea Tortelli
Affiliation:
Etablissement Public de Santé Maison Blanche, Paris, 75020, France
Giusy Gatto
Affiliation:
Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Pepoli 5, 40126Bologna, Italy
Simona del Peschio
Affiliation:
Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Pepoli 5, 40126Bologna, Italy
Cristina Marta Del-Ben
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Bart P. Rutten
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MDMaastricht, The Netherlands
Peter B. Jones
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain & Mind Sciences, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, UK
Jim van Os
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MDMaastricht, The Netherlands Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Lieuwe de Haan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZAmsterdam, The Netherlands
Craig Morgan
Affiliation:
Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
Cathryn Lewis
Affiliation:
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
Sagnik Bhattacharyya
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
Tom P. Freeman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Addiciton and Mental Health Group (AIM), University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, LondonSE5 8BB, UK
Michael Lynskey
Affiliation:
National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, LondonSE5 8BB, UK
Robin M. Murray
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
Marta Di Forti
Affiliation:
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Musa Sami, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

First episode psychosis (FEP) patients who use cannabis experience more frequent psychotic and euphoric intoxication experiences compared to controls. It is not clear whether this is consequent to patients being more vulnerable to the effects of cannabis use or to their heavier pattern of use. We aimed to determine whether extent of use predicted psychotic-like and euphoric intoxication experiences in patients and controls and whether this differs between groups.

Methods

We analysed data on patients who had ever used cannabis (n = 655) and controls who had ever used cannabis (n = 654) across 15 sites from six countries in the EU-GEI study (2010–2015). We used multiple regression to model predictors of cannabis-induced experiences and to determine if there was an interaction between caseness and extent of use.

Results

Caseness, frequency of cannabis use and money spent on cannabis predicted psychotic-like and euphoric experiences (p ⩽ 0.001). For psychotic-like experiences (PEs) there was a significant interaction for caseness × frequency of use (p < 0.001) and caseness × money spent on cannabis (p = 0.001) such that FEP patients had increased experiences at increased levels of use compared to controls. There was no significant interaction for euphoric experiences (p > 0.5).

Conclusions

FEP patients are particularly sensitive to increased psychotic-like, but not euphoric experiences, at higher levels of cannabis use compared to controls. This suggests a specific psychotomimetic response in FEP patients related to heavy cannabis use. Clinicians should enquire regarding cannabis related PEs and advise that lower levels of cannabis use are associated with less frequent PEs.

Keywords

Psychotic-like experiencespsychotomimeticschizophreniasubstance abuse
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 51 , Issue 12 , September 2021 , pp. 2074 - 2082
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Collaborators: Ulrich Reininghaus, Kathryn Hubbard, Stephanie Beards, Simona A. Stilo, Antonio Lasalvia, Caitlin Turner, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Julio Bobes, Miguel Bernardo, Julio Sanjuán, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Mara Parellada, Pedro Cuadrado, José Juan Rodríguez Solano, Angel Carracedo, Enrique García Bernardo, Eva Velthorst, Laura Roldán, Gonzalo López, Bibiana Cabrera, Esther Lorente-Rovira, Paz Garcia-Portilla, Javier Costas, Estela Jiménez-López, Mario Matteis, Marta Rapado, Emiliano González, Covadonga Martínez, Emilio Sánchez, Ma Soledad Olmeda, Nathalie Franke, Fabian Termorshuizen, Daniella van Dam, Elsje van der Ven, Elles Messchaart, Marion Leboyer, Franck Schürhoff, Stéphane Jamain, Flora Frijda, Grégoire Baudin, Aziz Ferchiou, Baptiste Pignon, Jean-Romain Richard, Thomas Charpeaud, Anne-Marie Tronche, Giovanna Marrazzo, Lucia Sideli, Crocettarachele Sartorio, Fabio Seminerio, Camila Marcelino Loureiro, Rosana Shuhama, Mirella Ruggeri, Sarah Tosato, Chiara Bonetto, Doriana Cristofalo

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