Scientific scripture, in its most canonical form is embodied in physics ( including physiology). Physics assures us that the occurrences which we call ‘perceiving objects’ are at the end of a long causal chain which starts from the objects, and are not likely to resemble the objects except, at best, in certain very abstract ways. We all start from ‘naive realism, i. e. , the doctrine that things are what they seem. We think that grass is green, that stones are hard, and that snow is cold.