That the White House had no institutional memory—the problem prompting the White House Interview Program (WHIP)—represents just one area in which the White House 2001 Project affected the presidential transition. In appointments, the Pew Charitable Trusts identified a second transition problem. In 1996, the Twentieth Century Fund produced a blue-ribbon study outlining several issues undermining the appeal of government appointment. The study, entitled Obstacle Course: The Report of the Twentieth Century Task Force on Presidential Appointment Process, convinced Pew to focus on the recruitment of presidential nominees. As part of that initiative, they contemplated a computer program that would reduce the burden placed on nominees by filing numerous, intrusive, and repetitive questionnaires.