Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T02:59:18.418Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

How to Sound the Alarms: Untangling Racialized Threat in Latinx Mobilization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2020

Vanessa Cruz Nichols
Affiliation:
Indiana University
Ramón Garibaldo Valdéz
Affiliation:
Yale University

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
A Symposium on Power, Discrimination, and Identity
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abrams, Kathryn. 2016. “Contentious Citizenship: Undocumented Activism in the Not1More Deportation Campaign.” Berkeley La Raza Journal 26 (2): 4569.Google Scholar
Alba, Richard D. 2005. “Bright vs. Blurred Boundaries: Second-Generation Assimilation and Exclusion in France, Germany, and the United States.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (1): 2049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Immigration Council. 2014. “Special Report: A Guide to the Immigration Accountability Executive Action.” Washington, DC: American Immigration Council.Google Scholar
American Political Science Association. 2020. “PS Submission Guidelines.” Available at www.apsanet.org/pssubmissions.Google Scholar
Azab, Marian, and Santoro, Wayne A.. 2017. “Rethinking Fear and Protest: Racialized Repression of Arab Americans and the Mobilization Benefits of Being Afraid.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 22 (4): 473–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, Antoine J. 2014. Anger and Racial Politics: The Emotional Foundation of Racial Attitudes in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barreto, Matt A., and Ramirez, Ricardo R.. 2004. “Minority Participation and the California Recall: Latino, Black, and Asian Voting Trends, 1990–2003.” PS: Political Science & Politics 37 (1): 1114.Google Scholar
Benford, Robert D., and Snow, David A.. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26 (1): 611–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berbrier, Mitch. 1998. “‘Half the Battle’: Cultural Resonance, Framing Processes, and Ethnic Affectations in Contemporary White Separatist Rhetoric.” Social Problems 45 (4): 431–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloemraad, Irene, Silva, Fabiana, and Voss, Kim. 2016. “Rights, Economics, or Family? Frame Resonance, Political Ideology, and the Immigrant Rights Movement.” Social Forces 94 (4): 1647–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloemraad, Irene, and Voss, Kim (eds.). 2011. Rallying for Immigrant Rights: The Fight for Inclusion in 21st Century America. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bowler, Shaun, Nicholson, Stephen P., and Segura, Gary M.. 2006. “Earthquakes and Aftershocks: Race, Direct Democracy, and Partisan Change.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (1): 146–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brader, Ted. 2005. “Striking a Responsive Chord: How Political Ads Motivate and Persuade Voters by Appealing to Emotions.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 388405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brader, Ted. 2006. Campaigning for Hearts and Minds: How Emotional Appeals in Political Ads Work. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Chishti, Muzaffar, and Hipsman, Faye. 2016. “Supreme Court DAPA Ruling a Blow to Obama Administration, Moves Immigration Back to Political Realm.” Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. Available at www.migrationpolicy.org/article/supreme-court-dapa-ruling-blow-obama-administration-moves-immigration-back-political-realm.Google Scholar
Cohen-Chen, Smadar, and Van Zomeren, Martijn. 2018. “Yes We Can? Group Efficacy Beliefs Predict Collective Action, but Only When Hope Is High.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 77 (July): 5059.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cruz Nichols, Vanessa. 2017. “Latinos Rising to the Challenge: Political Responses to Threat and Opportunity Messages.” PhD Dissertation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Cruz Nichols, Vanessa, LeBrón, Alana M. W., and Pedraza, Francisco I.. 2016. “Cautious Citizen: Policy Feedback Lessons and Consequences for Democratic Citizenship.” Paper presented at the Latino National Health and Immigrant Survey Workshop. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, April 22.Google Scholar
de Graauw, Els. 2016. Making Immigrant Rights Real: Nonprofits and the Politics of Integration in San Francisco. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
de Onís, Catalina (Kathleen) M. 2017. “What’s in an “X”?: An Exchange about the Politics of “Latinx.” Chiricù Journal: Latina/o Literature, Art, and Culture 1 (2): 7891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Homeland Security. 2017. “Q&A: DHS Implementation of the Executive Order on Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States.” Available at www.dhs.gov/news/2017/02/21/qa-dhs-implementation-executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united-states.Google Scholar
Gamson, William A. 1992. Talking Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gamson, William A., and Meyer, David S.. 1996. “Framing Political Opportunity.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, ed. McAdam, Doug, McCarthy, John D., and Zald, Mayer N. 275–90. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia Bedolla, Lisa. 2005. Fluid Borders: Latino Power, Identity, and Politics in Los Angeles. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, Stacey. 2020. “Are We There Yet? Perceptions of Racial Progress Among Racial Minorities.” PS: Political Science & Politics 53 (4): this issue.Google Scholar
Gupta, Devashree. 2017. Protest Politics Today. Medford, MA: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, Angela, Ocampo, Angela X., Barreto, Matt A., and Segura, Gary M.. 2019. “Somos Más: How Racial Threat and Anger Mobilized Latino Voters in the Trump Era.” Political Research Quarterly 72 (4): 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobbs, William, and Lajevardi, Nazita. 2019. “Effects of Divisive Political Campaigns on the Day-to-Day Segregation of Arab and Muslim Americans.” American Political Science Review 113 (1): 270–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosang, Daniel M. 2010. Racial Propositions: Ballot Initiatives and the Making of Postwar California. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones-Correa, Michael, Al-Faham, Hajer, and Cortez, David. 2018. “Political (Mis)behavior: Attention and Lacunae in the Study of Latino Politics.” Annual Review of Sociology 44:213–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, Daniel, and Tversky, Amos. 1979. “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 47 (2): 263–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, Bert. 2001. “Why Social Movements Come into Being and Why People Join Them.” In The Blackwell Companion to Sociology, ed. J. R. Blau, 268–81. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Koopmans, Rudd, and Statham, Paul. 1999. “Ethnic and Civic Conceptions of Nationhood and the Differential Success of the Extreme Right in Germany and Italy.” In How Social Movements Matter, ed. Marco Giugni, McAdam, Doug, and Tilly, Charles, 225–51. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Koopmans, Ruud, Statham, Paul, Giugni, Marco, and Passy, Florence. 2005. Contested Citizenship: Immigration and Cultural Diversity in Europe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Lazarus, Richard S. 1991. Emotion and Adaptation. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Leighley, Jan E. 2001. Strength in Numbers? The Political Mobilization of Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Marcus, George, Neuman, W. Russell, and MacKuen, Michael. 2000. Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
McCammon, Holly. 2013. “Frame Resonance.” In The Wiley–Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements, ed. Snow, David, della Porta, Donatella, Klandermans, Bert, and McAdam, Doug, 1. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Menjivar, Cecilia, and Abrego, Leisy J.. 2012. “Legal Violence: Immigration Law and the Lives of Central American Immigrants.” American Journal of Sociology 117 (5): 1380–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, David S., and Staggenborg, Suzanne. 1996. “Movements, Counter-Movements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity.” American Journal of Sociology 101 (6): 1628–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michelson, Melissa R., and Pallares, Amalia. 2001. “The Politicization of Chicago Mexican Americans: Naturalization, the Vote, and Perceptions of Discrimination.” Aztlan: A Journal of Chicano Studies 26 (2): 6385.Google Scholar
Mora, Maria de Jesus, Rodriguez, Rodolfo, Zermeño, Alejandro, and Almeida, Paul. 2018. “Immigrant Rights and Social Movements.” Sociology Compass 12 (8): e12599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nabi, Robin L., and Myrick, Jessica Gall. 2018. “Uplifting Fear Appeals: Considering the Role of Hope in Fear-Based Persuasive Messages.” Health Communication 34 (4): 112.Google ScholarPubMed
Nicholls, Walter J. 2019. The Immigrant Rights Movement: The Battle over National Citizenship. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okamoto, Dina, and Ebert, Kim. 2010. “Beyond the Ballot: Immigrant Collective Action in Gateways and New Destinations in the United States.” Social Problems 57 (4): 529–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oskooii, Kassra A. R. 2018. “Perceived Discrimination and Political Behavior.” British Journal of Political Science (July):126.Google Scholar
Pantoja, Adrian D., Ramirez, Ricardo R., and Segura, Gary M.. 2001. “Citizens by Choice, Voters by Necessity: Patterns in Political Mobilization by Naturalized Latinos.” Political Research Quarterly 54 (4): 729–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pantoja, Adrian D., and Segura, Gary. 2003. “Fear and Loathing in California: Contextual Threat and Political Sophistication among Latino Voters.” Political Behavior 23 (3): 265–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedraza, Francisco I., Nichols, Vanessa Cruz, and LeBrón, Alana M. W.. 2017. “Cautious Citizenship: The Deterring Effect of Immigration Issue Salience on Health Care Use and Bureaucratic Interactions among Latino US Citizens.” Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 42 (5): 925–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perez, Efren O. 2015. “Xenophobic Rhetoric and Its Political Effects on Immigrants and Their Co-Ethnics.” American Journal of Political Science 59 (3): 549–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phoenix, Davin L. 2019. The Anger Gap: How Race Shapes Emotion in Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prieto, Greg. 2018. Immigrants under Threat: Risk and Resistance in Deportation Nation. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Reny, Tyler, Wilcox-Archuleta, Bryan, and Nichols, Vanessa Cruz. 2018. “Threat, Mobilization, and Latino Voting in the 2018 Election.” The Forum: A Journal of Applied Research in Contemporary Politics 16 (4): 573–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryo, Emily. 2019. “How ICE Enforcement Has Changed under the Trump Administration.” The Conversation. Available at https://theconversation.com/how-ice-enforcement-has-changed-under-the-trump-administration-120322.Google Scholar
Salinas, Cristóbal Jr., and Lozano, Adele. 2019. “Mapping and Recontextualizing the Evolution of the Term Latinx: An Environmental Scanning in Higher Education.” Journal of Latinos and Education 18 (4): 302–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez, Gabriel R., Vargas, Edward D., Walker, Hannah L., and Ybarra, Vickie D.. 2015. “Stuck between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Relationship between Latino/as’ Personal Connections to Immigrants and Issue Salience and Presidential Approval.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 3 (3): 454–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt-Camacho, Alicia. 2008. Migrant Imaginaries: Latino Cultural Politics in the U.S.–Mexico Borderlands. New York and London: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, Jessica. 2019. “Federal Judge Permanently Blocks Trump Admin from Adding Citizenship Question to 2020 Census.” CNN Politics, July 16. Available at www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/judge-permanently-blocks-citizenship-question-2020-census/index.html.Google Scholar
Scott, Dylan. 2018. “Study Suggests Trump Is Scaring Immigrant Families off Food Stamps.” Vox, November 15. Available at www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/11/15/18094901/trump-immigration-policy-food-stamps-snap.Google Scholar
Snow, David A., and Benford, Robert D.. 1988. “Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilization.” International Social Movement Research 1:197218.Google Scholar
Snow, David A., Cress, Daniel M., Downey, Liam, and Jones, Andrew W.. 1998. “Disrupting the ‘Quotidian’: Reconceptualizing the Relationship between Breakdown and the Emergence of Collective Action.” Mobilization: An International Journal 3 (1): 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. 2011. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics, third edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Towler, Christopher C., and Parker, Christopher S.. 2018. “Between Anger and Engagement: Donald Trump and Black America.” Journal of Race, Ethnicity and Politics 3 (1): 135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentino, Nicholas A., Brader, Ted, Groenendyk, Eric W., Gregorowicz, Krysha, and Hutchings, Vincent L.. 2011. “Election Night’s Alright for Fighting: The Role of Emotions in Political Participation.” Journal of Politics 73 (1): 156–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valenzuela, Ali A., and Michelson, Melissa R.. 2016. “Turnout, Status, and Identity: Mobilizing Latinos to Vote with Group Appeals.” American Political Science Review 110 (4): 615–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasi, Ion B., and Macy, Michael. 2003. “The Mobilizer’s Dilemma: Crisis, Empowerment, and Collective Action.” Social Forces 81 (3): 979–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Washington Post. 2015. “Full Text: Donald Trump Announces a Presidential Bid.” Washington Post, June 16. Available at www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/?utm_term=.768d79084e41#annotations:17007950.Google Scholar
Weaver, Vesla, Prowse, Gwen, and Piston, Spencer. 2019. “Too Much Knowledge, Too Little Power: An Assessment of Political Knowledge in Highly Policed Communities.” Journal of Politics 81 (3): 1153–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Ariel. 2016. “When Threat Mobilizes: Immigration Enforcement and Latino Voter Turnout.” Political Behavior 38:355–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wides-Muñoz, Laura. 2018. The Making of a Dream: How a Group of Young Undocumented Immigrants Helped Change What It Means to Be American. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.Google Scholar
Yukich, Grace. 2013. One Family under God: Immigration Politics and Progressive Religion in America. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zepeda-Millán, Chris. 2017. Latino Mass Mobilization: Immigration, Racialization, and Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar