¹ For example, articles on China have rarely found their way onto the pages of the APSR. A review of the APSR for January 1975 through March 1985 reveals that only the following five articles on China were published during this decade: Whyte, Lynn T. III, “Local Autonomy in China During the Cultural Revolution: The Theoretical Uses of an Atypical Case” (June 1976)Google Scholar; Dittmer, Lowell, “Thought Reform and Cultural Revolution: An Analysis of the Symbolism of Chinese Politics” (March 1977)Google Scholar; Ting, William Pang-yu, “Coalition Behavior Among the Chinese Military Elite: A Nonrecursive, Simultaneous Equations, and Multiplicative Causal Model” (June 1979)Google Scholar; Lampton, David M., “The Roots of Interprovincial Inequality in Education and Health Services in China Since 1949” (June 1979)Google ScholarPubMed; and Liu, Alan P. L., “The Politics of Corruption in the P.R.C.” (September 1983).Google Scholar As this list indicates, only one China-related article has appeared in APSR during the 1980s. APSR coverage of other non-European foreign countries, perhaps it should be noted, is generally equally sparse.

² E.g., Teiwes, Frederick, Leadership, Legitimacy, and Conflict in China (Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³ E.g., Tsou, Tang, “Revolution, Reintegration and Crisis in Communist China,” in Ho, P. and Tsou, T. (eds.), China in Crisis (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1968), pp. 277–347.Google Scholar

⁴ E.g., Nathan, Andrew, “A Factional Model for CCP Politics,” China Quarterly, No. 53 (January-March 1973), pp. 34–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵ E.g., Ahn, Byung-joon, Chinese Politics and the Cultural Revolution: Dynamics of Policy Processes (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1976)Google Scholar; and Lieberthal, Kenneth, Central Documents and Politburo Politics in China (Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1978).Google Scholar

⁶ E.g., Lampton, David M., The Politics of Medicine in China: The Policy Process, 1949–77 (Boulder: Westview, 1977).Google Scholar

⁷ E.g., Goodman, David (ed.), Groups and Politics in the People's Republic of China (Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1984).Google Scholar

⁸ E.g., Townsend, James, Political Participation in Communist China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967).Google Scholar

⁹ E.g., Wilson, Richard W., Learning To Be Chinese (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1970).Google Scholar

¹⁰ E.g., Pye, Lucian, The Dynamics of Chinese Politics (Cambridge: Oelgeschlager, Gunn and Hain, 1981)Google Scholar; and Solomon, Richard, Mao's Revolution and the Chinese Political Culture (Berkeley: University of California, 1971).Google Scholar

¹¹ E.g., Chang, Parris, Power and Policy in China (College Park: University of Pennsylvania, 1975)Google Scholar; MacFarquhar, Roderick, The Origins of the Cultural Revolution (2 vols.) (New York: Columbia University Press, 1974 and 1983).Google Scholar At the local level, see, e.g., Lee, Hong-yung, The Politics of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹² See, e.g., Whiting, Allen, The Chinese Calculus of Deterrence (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975).Google Scholar

¹³ See: Oksenberg, Michael with Bateman, Nancy and Anderson, James B., Bibliography of Secondary Language Literature on Contemporary Chinese Politics (New York: Columbia University East Asian Institute, n.d.), pp. iii–xxxv.Google Scholar

¹⁴ E.g., in his Ghana in Transition, 2nd rev. ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972).

¹⁵ E.g., in his The Military and Politics: Changing Patterns in Brazil (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971).

¹⁶ Within the social sciences, moreover, political science as a discipline was abolished in 1952, when the People's Republic revamped its higher educational system along Soviet lines. Political science was formally reestablished only in the early 1980s. Baoxu's, Zhao article, “The Revival of Political Science in China,” PS (Fall 1984), pp. 745–757 CrossRefGoogle Scholar, provides a good capsule summary of the development of political science in China.

¹⁷ There were, of course, some exceptions, such as Lucian Pye of MIT.

¹⁸ Before the Cultural Revolution some of the work that is currently done by the CASS Institutes was nested in the Department of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

¹⁹ Of the institutes just named, only the Political Science Institute of the CASS directly studies China's domestic political system. For a brief introduction to the foreign policy oriented institutes, see Shambaugh, David and Jisi, Wang, “Research on International Studies in the People's Republic of China,” PS (Fall 1984), pp. 758–764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²⁰ For details on the current programs in American studies, see American Studies in China (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1985); and Baron, Michael, The State of American Government and Law Studies in the People's Republic of China (Washington, D.C.: Office of Research, U.S. Information Agency, 1982).Google Scholar

²¹ Separate yearbooks are now available for agriculture, education, literature and art, the news business, coal, the economy as a whole, and so forth. China also has published the Statistical Yearbook of China, 1984 (Beijing: State Statistical Bureau, 1984).

²² E.g., the 1983 Zhongguo baike nianjian (Beijing: Complete Encyclopedia Publishing Company, 1983). China is now preparing an 80+ volume general encyclopedia of the world.

²³ Zhongguo jiaoyu nianjian, 1949–1981 (Beijing: Complete Encyclopedia Publishing Company, 1984); Gongan fagui huibian, 1950–1979 (Beijing: Masses Publishing Company, 1981); and Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo jingji dashi ji, 1949–1980 (Beijing: CASS, 1984).

²⁴ E.g., Zhongguo gongchandang lishi jiangyi (Shandong: Shandong People's Publishing Company, 1984), 2 vols.

²⁵ See, e.g., the series Zhonggong danshi renwu zhuan (Xian: Shaanxi Publishing Company)—at least 15 volumes to date.

²⁶ E.g., Zhongguo jihua guanli wenti (Beijing: CASS, 1984); and Dangdi zuzhi gongzuo wenda (Beijing: People's Publishing Company, 1983).

²⁷ Obviously, major gaps still remain in the types of data available, and much work remains to be done to ascertain the margins of error in the information that is being provided. Still, China now appears to present a better situation in both spheres than do many developing countries.

²⁸ During the past two years, American political scientists lecturing in China have included, inter alia, David Apter, David Easton, Samuel Huntington, Robert Salisbury, and Robert Scalapino.

²⁹ David Easton. November 1983. Political Science in the United States: Past and Present. Political Science and Law. Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences.

³⁰ For example, the classic volume edited by Huntington, Samuel and Moore, Clement, Authoritarian Politics in Modern Society (New York: Basic Books, 1970).Google Scholar

³¹ E.g., Treadgold, Donald (ed.), Soviet and Chinese Communism: Similarities and Differences (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1967).Google Scholar

³² E.g., Bunce, Valerie, “The Succession Connection: Political Cycles and Political Change in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,” APSR, vol. 74, no. 4 (December 1980), 966–977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³³ E.g., Moore, Barrington, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1967), chap. 4Google Scholar; and Skocpol, Theda, States and Social Revolutions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³⁴ Amitai Etzioni has discussed the dynamics of using these three forms of incentives, and Skinner and Winckler have applied a slightly modified version of this paradigm to the study of rural policy in China: Skinner, G. W. and Winckler, E. A., “Compliance Succession in Rural Communist China: A Cyclical Theory,” in Etzioni, A. (ed.), A Sociological Reader in Complex Organizations, 2nd ed. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969), pp. 410–438.Google Scholar

³⁵ Lieberthal, Kenneth, “China's Political Reforms: A Net Assessment,” Annals (November 1984), pp. 19–33 Google Scholar, provides an overview of this process.

³⁶ See, for example, Morse, R. A. (ed.). The Limits of Reform in China (Epping: Westview, 1982)Google Scholar; and Michel Oksenberg (ed.), The Process of Political Reform: The Case of Post-Mao China, forthcoming.

³⁷ On policy implementation, the best studies to date are contained in a forthcoming volume edited by David M. Lampton, Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China.

³⁸ Nina Halpern has begun this task in her dissertation through an interesting initial effort to integrate work on the role of economic experts in China's policy process with the work done by John Kingdon, Jack Walker, Joel Aberbach, and others on the roles of specialists in American policy process. See: Nina Halpern, Economic Specialists and the Making of Chinese Economic Policy, 1955–1983. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1985.