Andolina Molly, Krista Jenkins, Scott Keeter, and Cliff Zukin. 2002 “Searching for the Meaning of Youth Civic Engagement: Notes from the Field.” Applied Developmental Science 6 (4): 189– 195.Google Scholar

Barber Benjamin. 1984 Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Bennett William J. 1985 Education for Democracy. Paper presented at the regular meeting of the Consejo Interamericano para la Education, la Ciencia, y la Cultura. Washington, D.C.Google Scholar

Bigelow William, and Norman Diamond. 1988 The Power in Our Hands: A Curriculum on the History of Work and Workers in the United States. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar

Bush George W. 2001 “President Bush Launches Effort to Bring Students and Veterans Together in America's Classrooms: Education and Veterans Affairs Team Up to Promote “Lessons of Liberty.”” U.S. Department of Education press release, Oct. 30. www.ed.gov/PressReleases/10-2001/10302001.htmlGoogle Scholar

Character Counts. 1996 Character Counts. Character Counts! Coalition.Google Scholar

Dudley Robert L., and Alan R. Gitelson. 2002 “Political Literacy, Civic Education, and Civic Engagement: A Return to Political Socialization?” Applied Developmental Science 6 (4): 175– 182.Google Scholar

Freire Paulo. 1985 The Politics of Education: Culture, Power and Liberation. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey Publishers.Google Scholar

Isaac Katherine. 1992 Civics for Democracy: The Journey for Teachers and Students. Washington, D.C.: Essential Books.Google Scholar

Kahne Joseph, and Joel Westheimer. 2003 “Teaching Democracy: What Schools Need to Do.” Phi Delta Kappan 85 (1): 34– 40, 57– 66.Google Scholar

Kahne Joseph, and Joel Westheimer. 1996 “In the Service of What? The Politics of Service Learning.” Phi Delta Kappan 77 (9): 593– 599.Google Scholar

Kahne Joseph, Joel Westheimer, and Bethany Rogers. 2000 “Service Learning and Citizenship in Higher Education.” Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning (fall): 42– 51.Google Scholar

Kahne Joseph, Bernadette Chi, and Ellen Middaugh. 2003 Democratic Education: The Untapped Potential of High School Government Courses. (Under Review). Please contact [email protected] for copies.Google Scholar

Lickona Thomas. 1993 “The Return of Character Education.” Educational Leadership 51 (3): 6– 11.Google Scholar

Mann Horace. 1838 First Annual Report. Boston: Dutton & Wentworth.Google Scholar

National Association of Secretaries of State. 1999 New Millennium Project-Phase I: A Nationwide Study of 15–24 Year Old Youth. Alexandria, VA: The Tarrance Group.Google Scholar

Nebraska State Board of Education. 2001 Board Minutes, 1-2 November. (Revised following 7 Dec. meeting).Google Scholar

Piscatelli Jennifer. 2003 “Pledge of Allegiance.” State Notes: Character and Civic Education. Education Commission of the States.Google Scholar

Points of Light Foundation web site. 2003 http://www.pointsoflight.org.Google Scholar

Putnam Robert D. 2000 Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar

Rugg Harold O. 1921 “Reconstructing the Curriculum: An Open Letter to Professor Henry Johnson Commenting on Committee Procedure as Illustrated by the Report of the Joint Committee on History and Education for Citizenship.” Historical Outlook 12: 184– 189. Reprinted in W. C. Parker, ed. 1996. Educating the Democratic Mind. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Saguaro Seminar. 2000 Report of the Saguaro Seminar: Civic Engagement. Boston, MA: Saguaro Seminar.Google Scholar

Sax Linda J., Alexander Astin, William S. Korn, and Kathryn M. Mahoney. 1999 The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 1999. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.Google Scholar

Shanker Albert. 1986 “Education and Democratic Citizenship.” Speech to meeting of the American Federation of Teachers, as quoted in Shanker, A. 1997. “Education and Democratic Citizenship: Where We Stand.” International Journal of Social Education 12: 1– 10.Google Scholar

Westheimer Joel, and Joseph Kahne. 2004 Forthcoming. “What Kind of Citizen: The Politics of Educating for Democracy.” American Educational Research Journal.Google Scholar

Westheimer Joel, and Joseph Kahne. 2002 “Educating for Democracy.” In Democracy's Moment: Reforming the American Political System for the 21^st Century, eds. R. Hayduk and K. Mattson. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar

Westheimer Joel, and Joseph Kahne. 2000 “Service Learning Required—But What Exactly do Students Learn?” Education Week, January 26. Back Page Commentary, 42.Google Scholar

Wynne Ed A. 1986 “The Great Tradition in Education: Transmitting Moral Values.” Educational Leadership 43 (4): 4– 9.Google Scholar