I thank the Italian Fulbright Commission and the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies at Columbia University for the fellowship support that enabled me to undertake the research for this essay. I am grateful to Greg Robinson for his invaluable suggestions and encouragement and to Tim Borstelmann, Mario Del Pero, and Blanche Wiesen Cook for their comments on earlier drafts. I also want to thank the staff of the Library of Congress Manuscript Division for their assistance.

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18. Jespersen, , American Images, 53–54Google Scholar; and Thorne, , Allies of a Kind, 563Google Scholar. Her activity was not limited to public speeches; in a letter to the New York Times columnist Anne O'Hare McCormick, she urged her to pay more attention to Asia as opposed to Europe (Clare Boothe Luce to Anne O'Hare McCormick, May 15, 1946, in Anne O'Hare McCormick Papers, correspondence, box 4, New York Public Library, New York City). The China lobby included, among others, William Bullitt and Representative Walter Judd.

19. Morris, Jukes, Rage for Fame, 430–31Google Scholar. On Homer Lea as a geopolitical thinker, see, among others, Sloan, G. R., Geopolitics in U.S. Strategic Policy, 1890–1987 (Brighton, U.K.: Wheatsheaf, 1988), 93–95Google Scholar.

20. Sloan, , Geopolitics in U.S. Strategic Policy, 94Google Scholar

21. Lea, Homer, The Valor of Ignorance (New York: Harper, 1909), 45, 58Google Scholar.

22. Ibid., 128, 129, 132. For a broader discussion of American visions of other peoples and anti-immigrant sentiments, see, among others, Jacobson, Matthew Frye, Barbarian Virtues: The United States Encounters Foreign Peoples at Home and Abroad, 1876–1917 (New York: Hill and Wang, 2000), chs. 4, 5, and 6Google Scholar.

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25. Luce, Clare Boothe, “A Luce Forecast for a Luce Century,” CBLP, Family and Personal Papers-Luce Family, b. 20, f. 4, 8Google Scholar

26. Borstelmann, , Cold War, 30Google Scholar. A useful “state of the art” essay on the often vague idea of “the establishment” is that by Roberts, Priscilla, “‘All the Right People’: The Historiography of the American Foreign Policy Establishment,” Journal of American Studies 26, no. 3 (1992): 409–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

27. Luce, , “Luce Forecast,” 3Google Scholar. On Anglo-Saxonism in the U.S. Foreign Service, see Schulzinger, Robert, The Making of the Diplomatic Mind: The Training, Outlook, and Style of United States Foreign Service officers, 1908–1931 (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1975), chs. 1 and 6Google Scholar; and Weil, Martin, A Pretty Good Club: The Founding Fathers of U.S. Foreign Service (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978)Google Scholar.

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29. See Hunt, (Ideology, 152)Google Scholar on geopolitics as a “new formulation undergirding the old ideology [of U.S. foreign policy] during and after World War II.”

30. Luce, , “Luce Forecast,” 19, 23, 24–25Google Scholar.

31. Ibid., 24, 26.

32. Ibid., 9, 22–23, 31.

33. “A Plea for Racial Unity,” Opportunity 20, 12 12, 1942, 355Google Scholar.

34. Quoted in Borstelmann, , Cold War, 60Google Scholar.

35. Speech at the Institute of Art and Sciences, Columbia University, July 6, 1943, quoted in Shadegg, , Clare Boothe Luce, 178Google Scholar.

36. Speech at the House of Representatives, October 8, 1945, CBLP, Speech File, box 678, p. 5.

37. Ibid., 13.

38. “The Negro True Friend: The Republican Party,” 1942, and “The New Deal Skin Game,” 1944, CBLP, Speech File, box 677.

39. “Plea for Racial Unity,” 355–56.

40. For a useful overview, see Ribuffo, Leo, “Religion and American Policy: The Story of a Complex Relationship,” National Interest 52 (Summer 1998): 36–51Google Scholar.

41. See her account of her conversion to Catholicism in “The ‘Real Reason’,” McCall's, 02, 03, 04 1947Google Scholar. On the conversion to Catholicism in 20thcentury United States and Britain, see Allitt, Patrick, Catholic Coverts: British and American Intellectuals Turn to Rome (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997)Google Scholar.

42. “The Catholic Woman in the Modern World,” CBLP, Speech Files, box 682, folder 15, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

43. “Saving the White Man's Soul,” CBLP, Speech File, box 683, p. 33.

44. Ibid., 21.

45. Ibid., 36.

46. Ibid., 42.

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50. Quoted in Schmitz, David, Thank God They're on Our Side: The United States and Right-wing Dictatorships, 1921–1965 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999), 41Google Scholar.

51. Jacobson, Matthew Frye, Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), 56–62Google Scholar.

52. Del Pero, “Anticomunismo d'assalto.”

53. Gilderhus, Mark T., “An Emerging Synthesis? U.S.-Latin American Relations Since the Second World War,” in America in the World: The Historiography of American Foreign Relations Since 1941, ed. Hogan, Michael J. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 438–39Google Scholar.

54. Quoted in Schmitz, , Thank God, 30Google Scholar.

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57. Diggins, John P., Mussolini and Fascism: The View from America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972), ch. 1Google Scholar; and Schmitz, , Thank God, chs. 1 and 3Google Scholar.

58. Hunt, Ideology; Home, “Race from Power”; and Stephanson, Anders, Kennan and the Art of Foreign Policy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), esp. 157–75Google Scholar.