This communication is an attempt to eliminate the geological history of our Scottish peat mosses, which appear to contain the record of certain changes of climate, that have not hitherto fully engaged attention. The phenomena revealed by our peat mosses are threefold—First, the buried trees, and the condition of this country at the period of their growth; second, the causes which led to the destruction of these trees; and, third, the present aspect of the peat mosses. Under the first head is to be considered the continental period of Great Britain, to which the buried trees in the older peat bogs of the country belong. Under the second head, the causes of the destruction of these trees are chiefly assigned to the upward growth of wet mosses, the chilling effects of which caused the overthrow of the trees.