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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 July 2012
The Quaternary features and deposits provide a record of the geological history of the past 18,000 years and only a few elements of the landscape, such as the glaciated rock platforms and cliffs of marine origin, can be ascribed to earlier times. Mainland ice almost certainly covered the islands during the last glaciation, its retreat being temporarily reversed or halted perhaps more than once. There was a final well-marked, but short-lived episode of valley glaciation some 10,000 to 11,000 years ago. Glacial deposits, raised beaches, periglacial features, landslips and the post-glacial accumulations of peat, shell sand and diatomite are discussed briefly.