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Mycorrhizal fungi of Betula spp.: factors affecting their occurrence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

P. A. Mason ,
J. Wilson  and
F. T. Last
P. A. Mason
Affiliation:
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB
J. Wilson
Affiliation:
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB
F. T. Last
Affiliation:
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB
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Synopsis

The production of fruitbodies of mycorrhizal fungi associated with Betula spp. in an experimental site was observed to occur in a pattern ordered in time and space. Certain species of Inocybe, Hebeloma and Laccaria and Thelephora terrestris appeared in the first five years after planting: they were followed by species of Leccinum, Cortinarius and Russula. Usually more fungi were associated with B. pendula than with B. pubescens. More toadstools of Laccaria tortilis developed in association with one clone of B. pubescens than with another which favoured instead the development of Inocybe petiginosa.

The idea of a fungal succession is supported by below-ground observation of mycorrhizas. Early- and late-stage fungi formed mycorrhizas on seedlings growing in sterile conditions whether inoculated with mycelia or spores. However, only early-stage fungi formed mycorrhizas in unsterile conditions.

The concept of succession is based on observations made when treeless sites were planted with Betula spp. However, experimental planting of seedlings into soil with intact roots of older trees with mycorrhizas of Lactarius pubescens resulted in mycorrhizas on the seedlings: but no mycorrhizas formed if the roots of the older tree had been severed. This suggests that the pattern or sequence of mycorrhizal fungi associated with seedlings regenerating within natural stands is likely to differ from that associated with Betula spp. colonizing previously treeless sites.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences , Volume 85 , Issue 1-2: Birches , 1984 , pp. 141 - 151
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1984

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