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Soil changes in forest ecosystems: evidence for and probable causes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

Dale W. Johnson ,
Malcolm S. Cresser ,
S. Ingvar Nilsson ,
John Turner ,
Bernhard Ulrich ,
Dan Binkley  and
Dale W. Cole
Dale W. Johnson
Affiliation:
Desert Research Institute and Department of Range, Wildlife, and Forestry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, U.S.A.
Malcolm S. Cresser
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen., U. K.
S. Ingvar Nilsson
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
John Turner
Affiliation:
Wood Technology and Forest Research Division, Forestry Commission of N.S.W., Sydney, N.S.W., Australia
Bernhard Ulrich
Affiliation:
Institut für Bodenkunde und Waldernährung, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
Dan Binkley
Affiliation:
Forest Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.
Dale W. Cole
Affiliation:
College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
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Synopsis

A review of the literature on forest soil change in North America, Central Europe. Sweden, U.K., and Australia reveals that changes are occurring in both polluted and unpolluted sites at a greater rate than previously suspected. Acid deposition has played a major role in recent acidification in some areas of Europe and, to a more limited extent, in Sweden and eastern North America. However, rapid rates of soil acidification are occurring in western North America and Australia due to internal processes such as tree uptake and nitrification associated with excessive nitrogen fixation. The presence of extremely acid soils is not necessarily an indicator of significant acidic deposition, as evidenced by their presence in unpolluted, even pristine forests of the north-western U.S.A. and Alaska. Numerous studies in Sweden, Australia, and North America show the important effects of tree uptake and harvesting upon soil acidification in managed forests. Furthermore, arguments can be presented that harvesting takes a greater toll upon the pools of potentially limiting cations than leaching.

The rate at which soils are changing in some instances calls for a re-evaluation of the budget analyses used to predict soil change. Specifically, inter-horizon changes due to uptake and recycling by vegetation, the interactions of such changes with naturally- and anthropogenically-produced acids, and the effects of aluminium uptake and recycling need further evaluation and study.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences , Volume 97: Acidic Deposition: Its Nature and Impacts , 1990 , pp. 81 - 116
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1990

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