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40.—The Theories of August Putter.*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

R. Johnston
R. Johnston
Affiliation:
DAFS Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen
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Extract

The German professor of physiology, August Pütter, is remembered especially for his theories on the nutrition of marine animals. His major papers, ‘The nutrition of aquatic animals’ and ‘Organic matter in the sea’, appeared in 1907, followed by numerous other papers until 1925. He died about 1935. Ranson (1935,1936), Assistant at the Paris Museum of Natural History, gives the essence of the works of Pütter as follows (translated from the French):

1. Aquatic animals are not able to capture by the means which they possess enough organisms or planktonic materials to cover their nutritional requirements.

2. There is a very large amount of dissolved organic matter in sea water which, alone, is broadly sufficient to sustain the needs of the animals.

3. This soluble organic matter has as its source the activity of algae and bacteria.

4. The fundamental part of the nutritional requirements of aquatic animals is derived from dissolved organic matter; plankton plays only a secondary role.

5. Aquatic animals absorb this organic matter not only by their digestive apparatus which is often rudimentary, but by the whole exterior surface of their bodies and especially by simple epithelial tissues such as the gills.

Type
Physics and Chemistry
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences , Volume 72 , Issue 1 , 1972 , pp. 401 - 409
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1972

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References

References to Literature

Note.—A useful bibliography of 79 references including many of Pütter's work and papers relating to Pütter's theories is given under Krogh (1931). The authors in text-fig. 2 are derived from Provasoli (1963), who lists at least one paper relating to each name.Google Scholar
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