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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 December 2011
The evolution of oceanographic textbooks received tremendous impetus from the Challenger Expedition both directly and indirectly. Direct contributions resulted from the writings of the scientific staff that served on board the epic three and a half year voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Textbooks resulted indirectly from the writings of numerous marine scientists, ashore, who studied and worked on the data, samples and specimens from the 362 stations in three oceans collected by the Expedition. The immense mass of new facts revealed by the Challenger Expedition stimulated the development of new facets of marine science research found in all oceanography texts of the twentieth century.