Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T19:56:41.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Palmette and Circle: Early Celtic Art in Britain and its Continental Background

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2014

Otto-Herman Frey
Affiliation:
Seminar für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Philipps Universität, Marburg a.d. Lahn; Department of Archaeology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH
J. V. S. Megaw
Affiliation:
Seminar für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Philipps Universität, Marburg a.d. Lahn; Department of Archaeology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH

Summary

Following an outline of some aspects of continental Early Celtic art in which the importance of Mediterranean plant-derived motifs and compass construction work is emphasised, the authors consider some significant aspects of the development of the various sword sub-styles. An analysis of selected insular pieces points out the differences from, rather than the seeming similarities to continental Celtic art. It is argued that the earliest of such pieces cannot antedate the developed third century sword style(s) though absolute chronology is impossible to achieve as yet. A final section indicates that the later insular styles see a unique re-emergence of the reliance on compass based designs.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

AEIA. see Megaw, J.V.S., 1970.Google Scholar
Atkinson, R. J. C. and Piggott, S., 1955. ‘The Torrs Chamfrein’, Arch., 96, 197235.Google Scholar
Brailsford, J. W., 1975. Early Celtic Masterpieces from Britain in the British Museum. British Museum Publications, London.Google Scholar
Catalogue Troyes, 1898. Musées de Troyes, Bronzes: Catalogue descriptif et raisonné. Troyes.Google Scholar
Clarke, R. R. and Dolley, R. H. M., 1954. ‘The Early Iron Age Treasure from Snettisham, Norfolk’, PPS, 20, 2786.Google Scholar
Clarke, R. R. and Hawkes, C. F. C., 1955. ‘An iron anthropoid sword from Shouldham, Norfolk, with related continental and British weapons’, PPS, 21, 198227.Google Scholar
Duignan, M., 1976. ‘The Turoe stone: its place in insular La Tène art’. In Duval, P.-M. and Hawkes, C. F. C. (ed.), Celtic Art in Ancient Europe: Five protohistoric centuries, 201–17. Seminar Press, London and New York.Google Scholar
Duval, P.-M., 1971. ‘Lesstyles de l'art celtique occidental. Terminologie et chronologie’, Actes du VIIIe Congres Int. des Sci. Prehist. et Protohist (Prague), 2, 812–7.Google Scholar
Duval, P.-M., 1973. ‘L'ornament de char de Brentford (Middlesex)’. Centre de Recherches d'Histoire et de Philologie IV: III, Hautes études du monde Gréco-Romain 5, 110 = Recherches d'archéologie Celtique et Gallo-Romain.Google Scholar
Duval, P.-M., 1974. ‘Deux éléments fondamentaux du Premier style celtique’, Études Celtiques, 14, 719.Google Scholar
ECA. see Jacobsthal, , p. 1944.Google Scholar
(Lady)Fox, Aileen, and Pollard, Sheila H., 1973. ‘A decorated bronze mirror from an Iron Age settlement at Holcombe, Devon’, Ant. J., 53, 1641.Google Scholar
(Sir)Fox, Cyril, 1947. A find of the Early Iron Age from Llyn-Cerrig-Bach, Anglesey. Nat. Mus. Wales, Cardiff.Google Scholar
(Sir)Fox, Cyril, 1958. Pattern and Purpose: a survey of Early Celtic art in Britain. Nat. Mus. Wales, Cardiff.Google Scholar
Frey, O.-H., 1955. ‘Eine etruskische Bronzeschnabelkanne’, Au musée de Besancon I = Ann. Litt. de l'Univ. de Basançon, 2e série, II, 1 (Arch. 2).Google Scholar
Frey, O.-H., 1971. ‘Die Goldschale von Schwarzenbach’, Hamburger Beitr. z. Arch., 1:2, 85100.Google Scholar
Frey, O.-H., 1974. ‘Akanthusornamentik in der keltischen Kunst’, Hamburger Beitr. z. Arch., 4, 141–57.Google Scholar
Frey, O.-H., 1976. ‘Du Premier Style au Style de Waldalgesheim’. In Duval, P.-M. and Hawkes, C. F. C. (eds.), Celtic Art in Ancient Europe: Five protohistoric centuries, 141–63. Seminar Press, London and New York.Google Scholar
Frey, O.-H. and Schwappach, F., 1973. ‘Studies in Early Celtic design’, World Arch., 4:3, 339–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabrovec, S., 1966. ‘Srednjelatensko oldobje v Sloveniji’, Arheološki Vestnik, 17, 33106.Google Scholar
Haffner, A., 1974. ‘Zum Ende der Latènezeit im Mittelrheingebiet unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Trierer Landes’, Arch. Korrespondenzbl., 4, 5972.Google Scholar
Harding, D. W., 1974. The Iron Age in Lowland. Britain. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London and Boston.Google Scholar
Jacobsthal, P., 1927. Ornamente griechischer Vasen. Walter de Gruyter, Leipzig and Berlin.Google Scholar
Jacobsthal, P., 1941a. ‘Imagery in Early Celtic Art’, Proc. British Acad., 27, 301–20.Google Scholar
Jacobsthal, P., 1941b. ‘Kelten in Thrakien’, Epitymbion Chrestou Tsounta., 391400Athens.Google Scholar
Jacobsthal, P., 1944. Early Celtic Art. Clarendon Press, Oxford (reprint with corrections 1969).Google Scholar
Joffroy, R., 1969. ‘Le torque de Mailly-le-Camp (Aube)’, Mon. Piot, 56, 4559.Google Scholar
Jope, E. M., 1954. ‘An Iron Age decorated sword-scabbard from the River Bann at Toome’, UJA, 17, 8191.Google Scholar
Jope, E. M., (n.d.) 1958. ‘The beginnings of La Tène ornamental style in the British Isles’. In Frere, S. S. (ed.), Problems of the Iron Age in Southern Britain = Inst. of Arch., Univ. of London, Occ. Papers 11, 6983.Google Scholar
Jope, E. M., 1971. ‘The Witham Shield’. In de G. Sieveking, G. (ed.), Prehistoric and Roman Studies = British Mus. Quarterly, 35, 61–9.Google Scholar
Jope, E. M., 1976. ‘The Wandsworth mask shield and its European sources of inspiration’. In Duval, P.-M. and Hawkes, C. F. C. (eds.), Celtic Art in Ancient Europe: Five protohistoric centuries, 167–84. Seminar Press, London and New York.Google Scholar
Klindt-Jensen, O., 1953. ‘Bronzekedelen fra Brå’, Jysk Arkaeologisk Selskabs skr., III. Aarhus.Google Scholar
Krämer, W., 1961. ‘Keltische Hohlbuckelringe vom Isthmus von Korinth’, Germania, 39, 3242.Google Scholar
Labrousse, M., 1974. ‘Circonscriptions des antiquités historiques: Midi-Pyrénées’, Gallia, 32, 453500.Google Scholar
Lowery, P. R. and Savage, R. D. A., 1976. ‘Celtic design with compasses as seen on the Holcombe mirror’. In Duval, P.-M. and Hawkes, C. F. C. (eds.), Celtic Art in Ancient Europe: Five protohistoric centuries, 219–31. Seminar Press, London and New York.Google Scholar
Lowery, P. R., Savage, R. D. A. and Wilkins, R. L., 1976. ‘A technical study of the designs on the British mirror series’, Arch., 105, 100–26.Google Scholar
MacGregor, Morna, 1976. Early Celtic art in North Britain. Leicester U.P.Google Scholar
Maier, F., 1973. ‘Keltische Altertümer in Griechenland’, Germania, 51:2, 459–77.Google Scholar
Megaw, J. V. S., 19651966. ‘Two La Tène finger rings in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London: an essay on the human face and Early Celtic Art’, Praehist. Zeitschr., 43–4, 96166.Google Scholar
Megaw, J. V. S., 1968. ‘Two finds of the Celtic Iron Age from Dodona’. Jazdzewski, K. (ed.), Liber Josepho Kostrzewski octogenario a veneratoribus dicatus, 186–93. Warsaw.Google Scholar
Megaw, J. V. S., 1970. Art of the European Iron Age: a study of the elusive image. Adams and Dart, Bath.Google Scholar
Megaw, J. V. S., 1972. ‘Style and style-analysis in continental Early La Tène art’, World Archaeology 3, 276–92.Google Scholar
Megaw, J. V. S., in press. ‘The decorated sword-scabbards of iron from Cernon-sur-Coole, Marne and Drňa, Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia’, Hamburger Beitr. z. Arch., 3:2.Google Scholar
Megaw, J. V. S. and Merrifield, R., 1970. ‘The Dowgate plaque’, Arch. J., 126, 154–9.Google Scholar
de Navarro, J. M., 1972. The Finds from the Site of La Tène, I: Scabbards and the swords found in them. Pt. 1–2. O.U.P. for British Academy, London.Google Scholar
Oliver, A. Jr., 1968. ‘The reconstruction of two Apulian tomb groups’, Antike Kunst, Beiht. 5.Google Scholar
Panič, S., 1966. ‘Keltske najdbe v podravju’, Arheološki Vestnik, 17, 271336.Google Scholar
Piggott, S., 1950. ‘Swords and scabbards of the British Early Iron Age’, PPS, 16, 128.Google Scholar
PP. See (Sir)Fox, Cyril, 1958.Google Scholar
Rilliot, M., 1975. ‘Epée de la Tène I, à Meroux, (Territoire de Belfort)’, Rev. Arch. de l'Est et du Centre-Est, 26, 443–4.Google Scholar
Savory, H. N., 1964. ‘A new hoard of La Tène metalwork from Merionethshire’, Bull. Board of Celtic Studies, 20, 449–75.Google Scholar
Savory, H. N., 1966. ‘Further notes on the Tal-y-Llyn (Mer.) hoard of La Tène metalwork’, Bull. Board of Celtic Studies, 22, 88103.Google Scholar
Savory, H. N., 1976. ‘The La Tène Shield in Wales’. In Duval, P.-M. and Hawkes, C. F. C. (eds.), Celtic Art in Europe: Fiveprotohistoric centuries, 185–99. Seminar Press, London and New York.Google Scholar
Schaaff, U., 1972. ‘Ein keltischer Hohlbuckelring aus Kleinasien’, Germania, 50, 94–7.Google Scholar
Schwappach, F., 1969. ‘Stempelverzierte Keramik von Armorica’. In Frey, O.-H. (ed.) Marburger Beiträge zur Archäologie der Kelten: Festschr. W. Dehn = Fundber. aus Hessen, Beiht. 1, 213–87.Google Scholar
Schwappach, F., 1973. ‘Frühkeltisches Ornament zwischen Marne, Rhein und Moldau’, Bonner Jahrb., 173, 53111.Google Scholar
Schwappach, F., 1974a. ‘Ostkeltisches und westkeltisches Ornament auf einem älterlatènezeitlichen Gürtelhaken von Mühlacker, Kreis Vaihingen’, Fundber. aus Baden-Württemberg 1, 337–72.Google Scholar
Schwappach, F., 1974b. ‘Zu einigen Tierdarstellungen der Frühlatenekunst’, Hamburger Beitr. z.Arch., 4, 103–40.Google Scholar
Schwappach, F., 1976. ‘L'art ornamental du “Premier style” celtique’. In Duval, P.-M. and Hawkes, C. F. C. (eds.), Celtic Art in Ancient Europe: Five protohistoric centuries, 61110. Seminar Press, London and New York.Google Scholar
Stead, I. M., 1971. ‘The reconstruction of Iron Age buckets from Aylesford and Baldock’. In de G. Sieveking, G. (ed.), Prehistoric and Roman Studies = British Mus. Quarterly, 35, 250282.Google Scholar
Szabó, M., 1971. ‘Une fibule celtique à Délos’, Bull. de Correspondence Hellénique, 95, 503–14.Google Scholar
Szabó, M., 1973. ‘Éléments régionaux dans l'art des Celtes orientaux’, Actes du quatrième congrès internat. d'Études Celtiques, Rennes 1971 = Études Celtiques, 13:2, 750–74.Google Scholar
Szabó, M. and Petres, Éva., 1974. A keleti Kelta muvészet—Eastern Celtic art. István Király Múzeum, Székesfehérvár.Google Scholar
Thill, J., 1967. ‘Die Metallgegenstände aus vier spätlatenèzeitlichen Brandgräbern bei Goeblingen-Nospelt’, Hémecht, 18, 8798.Google Scholar
Todorović, J., 1968. Kelti u jugoistočnoj Evropi = Dissertationes 7. Beograd.Google Scholar
Varagnac, A., 1956. In Varagnac, A., Fabre, G. et al. , L'art gaulois, 217–75. Zodiaque, La Pierre-qui-Vire (Yonne).Google Scholar
Walters, H. B., 1893. Catalogue of the Greek and Etruscan Vases, 2. British Museum, London.Google Scholar
Werner, J., 1953. ‘Keltisches Pferdegeschirr der Spátlatènezeit’, Saalburg-Jahrb., 12, 4252.Google Scholar
Werner, J., 19621963. ‘Aquileia-Velem-Hrazany’, Alt-Thüringen, 6, 428–35.Google Scholar