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Neolithic Dwellings in the Forest Zone of the European Part of the U.S.S.R.1
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 May 2014
Extract
The hypothesis that in Neolithic times men lived for the most part in pit-dwellings is fairly widely distributed in archaeological literature. Thus, for example, W. Radig from 188 neolithic sites examined in Germany up to 1930 listed 109 as having pit-dwellings (Grubenwohnungen), an additional sixteen having pit-dwellings with a cone-shaped covering (Grubenwohnungen mit schrägen Pfostenlöchern), eight with vertical walls (Grubenwohnungen mit senkrechten Pfostenlöchern) and two of mixed type. This hypothesis was also widely held among Soviet archaeologists who often described their discoveries of pit-dwellings in their accounts of excavations of neolithic sites. A completely contrary opinion has been put forward by G. Childe in relation to neolithic dwellings in the temperate zone of Europe.
- Type
- Neolithic
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1956
References
page 77 note 2 Radig, Werner, Die Wohnbau im jungsteinzeitlichen Deutschland, p. 9, and pp. 149–59Google Scholar. Mannus-Bibliothek, no. 43. Leipzig, 1930.
page 77 note 3 For example N. N. Gurina, I. K. Tsvyetkova and others. See below.
page 77 note 4 Childe, V. G., ‘Neolithic house-types in temperate Europe,’ P.P.S., 1949, pp. 77–80Google Scholar.
page 78 note 1 For example, a canoe 7.5 metres long with devices for the attachment of an outrigger, excavated from the bank of the river Don in 1954 by M. E. Foss. It is preserved in the State Historical Museum in Moscow.
page 78 note 2 Runners and supports from such sledges were discovered on the sites at the Gorbunovskii peat-bog near the town of Nizhnii Tagil in the Svyerdlovsk region: see Eding, D. N., ‘The Gorbunovskii peat-bog. A preliminary account of archaeological work from 1925 to 1928’, Material based on the Study of the Tagil district, publ. no. 3, half-volume I, pp. 9–10, Tagil, 1929Google Scholar.
page 78 note 3 Eding, D. N., ‘Carved sculpture of the Urals’, State Historical Museum Transactions, vol. 10. Moscow, 1940Google Scholar.
page 78 note 4 Gorodtsov, V. A., ‘The Panfilova Early Metal Age site’, Transactions of the Museum of the Vladimir region, publ. no. 2. Vladimir, 1925Google Scholar. The site is situated on the river llyemnya near the town of Murom. After V. A. Gorodtsov, excavations on this site were carried out by E. I. Goryunova and I. K. Tsvyetkova.
page 78 note 5 Gorodtsov, V. A., ‘The Galich treasure and site,’ The Transactions of the Archaeological Section of the Russian Association of Scientific Research Institutes for the Social Sciences. (R.A.N.I.O.N.), vol. 3, Moscow, 1928Google Scholar. The site lies on the shore of Galich lake near the town of Galich in the Kostroma region.
page 78 note 6 Bryusov, A. Ya., ‘The Fyedorovskaya site’, The Transactions of the Archaeological Section of the Russian Association of Scientific Research Institutes for the Social Sciences (R.A.N.I.O.N.), vol. 2, Moscow, 1928Google Scholar; M. E. Foss, ‘The pottery of the Fyedorovskaya site’, ibid., vol. 4, Moscow, 1928. The site is near the exit of the river Vyeksa from Galich lake near the town of Chukhloma in the Kostroma region.
page 78 note 7 Dmitriyev, P. A., Excavations of the Kalmatskii Brod site on the river Iset. Svyerdlovsk, 1934Google Scholar.
page 79 note 1 See W. Radig, op. cit., fig. 14 a (based on Bremer, W., Röm.-Germ. Korresp. Bl., 5, 5, p. 95Google Scholar; 6, 1, p. 4).
page 79 note 2 ibid., fig. 29 (based on Wolff, G., Germania, 3 F–1, pp. 19–26Google Scholar).
page 79 note 3 Gurina, N. N., ‘Settlements of the neolithic period on Onega lake’, Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the U.S.S.R., vol. 20. Moscow, 1951, pp. 84–5Google Scholar, and fig. 3.
page 79 note 4 ibid., p. 115 and fig. 25.
page 79 note 5 Tsvyetkova, I. K., ‘The Gavrilovka neolithic site with a cemetery’, Short Notes on the Reports and Researches of the Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., publ., no. 17. Moscow, 1947, pp. 70–1Google Scholar and fig. 29.
page 80 note 1 Marshy soil here means soil which is being formed when increased moisture is present, but not in flooded regions. It contains more than 50 per cent of mineral particles and the products of the decomposition of tree species, sedges and other land plants.
page 83 note 1 Bryusov, A. Ya., ‘A pile settlement on the river Modlona and other sites in the Charozyerskii region’. Materials and Researches on the Archaeology of the U.S.S.R., vol. 20. Moscow, 1951Google Scholar.