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Maritime Havens in Earlier Prehistoric Britain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2016

Richard Bradley ,
Alice Rogers ,
Fraser Sturt ,
Aaron Watson ,
Diana Coles ,
Julie Gardiner  and
Ronnie Scott
Richard Bradley
Affiliation:
University of Reading; [email protected]
Alice Rogers
Affiliation:
University of Reading; [email protected]
Fraser Sturt
Affiliation:
University of Southampton; [email protected]
Aaron Watson
Affiliation:
[email protected]
Diana Coles
Affiliation:
[email protected]
Julie Gardiner
Affiliation:
[email protected]
Ronnie Scott
Affiliation:
[email protected]
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Abstract

It is widely accepted that between the beginning of the Early Neolithic period and the end of the Early Bronze Age different regions of Britain were connected to one another by sea, but little is known about the nature of maritime contacts before plank-built boats developed during the 2nd millennium bc. This paper considers a series of coastal sites, some of which were first settled from Mesolithic times. From the early 4th millennium they were also associated with artefact production and the use of imported objects and raw materials. Their distribution focuses on the region of isostatic uplift in northern Britain where the ancient shoreline still survives. It is considered in relation to a new model of coastal change which suggests that these locations were characterised by natural havens sheltered behind islands or bars. The sites can be compared with the ‘landing places’ and ‘beach markets’ discussed by historical archaeologists in recent years.

Résumé

Paradis maritimes dansla première partie de la préhistoire britannique, de Richard Bradley, Alice Rogers, Fraser Sturt, et Aaron Watson

Il est communément accepté qu’entre le début de la période du néolithique ancien et la fin de l’âge du bronze ancien différentes régions de Grande-Bretagne étaient reliées entre elles par la mer, mais nous ne savons que peu de chose de la nature de ces contacts maritimes avant le développement des bateaux assemblés de planches au cours du deuxième millénaire av. J.-C. Cette étude examine une série de sites côtiers, dont certains furent occupés dès les temps mésolithiques. A partir du quatrième millénaire, ils étaient aussi associés à la production d’objets façonnés et à l’utilisation d’objets et de matières premières importés. Leur répartition se concentre sur la région du rebond isostatique de la Grande-Bretagne du nord, là où l’ancien littoral subsiste toujours. Nous l’examinons en relation avec une nouveau modèle des changements côtiers qui laisse penser que ces lieux se caractérisaient par des ports naturels abrités derrière des îles ou des barres. On peut comparer ces sites aux ‘embarcadères’ ou aux ‘marchés de plage’, dont ont discuté les archéologues historiens ces dernières années.

Zussamenfassung

Maritime Häfen in der frühen Prähistorie Großbritanniens, von Richard Bradley, Alice Rogers, Fraser Sturt, und Aaron Watson

Es gilt als allgemein anerkannt, dass zwischen dem Beginn des Frühneolithikums und dem Ende der Frühbronzezeit verschiedene Regionen Großbritanniens miteinander auf dem Seeweg verbunden waren, aber wenig ist über die Art maritimer Kontakte bekannt für die Zeit vor der Entwicklung von aus Planken erbauten Booten im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. Dieser Beitrag erörtert eine Reihe von Küstenfundorten, von denen einige seit dem Mesolithikum besiedelt waren. Sie waren seit dem frühen 4. Jahrtausend zudem verknüpft mit der Herstellung von Artefakten und dem Gebrauch von importierten Objekten und Rohmaterialien. Ihre Verteilung konzentriert sich auf jene Region der isostatischen Hebung im nördlichen Großbritannien, in der die vorgeschichtliche Küstenlinie noch erhalten ist. Dies wird in Beziehung gesetzt zu einem neuen Modell des Wandels des Küstenverlaufs, das nahe legt, dass diese Orte durch natürliche, von Inseln oder Nehrungen geschützte Häfen charakterisiert werden. Diese Plätze können verglichen werden mit „Landeplätzen“ und „Strandmärkten“, wie sie Historische Archäologen in den letzten Jahren diskutieren.

Resumen

Refugios marítimos durante la Prehistoria Reciente en Inglaterra, por Richard Bradley, Alice Rogers, Fraser Sturt, y Aaron Watson

Está ampliamente aceptado que entre el inicio del Neolítico Antiguo y el final del Bronce Antiguo diferentes regiones de Bretaña estaban conectadas por mar, aunque poco se sabe sobre la naturaleza de los contactos marítimos antes de que se construyeran los primeros botes con tablones en el II milenio BC. Este artículo se centra en una serie de yacimientos costeros, algunos de los cuales fueron fundados en época mesolítica. Desde el inicio del IV milenio estos sitios se asocian con la producción de artefactos y con el uso de objetos y materias primas importadas. Su distribución se centra en el área de emersión isostática del norte de Inglaterra, donde aún se conserva la antigua línea de costa. Esta distribución se aborda desde un nuevo modelo de cambio costero que sugiere que estas localizaciones eran refugios marítimos protegidos detrás de islas o barreras. Los asentamientos pueden ser comparados con los ‘lugares de amarre’ y los ‘mercados costeros’ planteados en los últimos años por los arqueólogos históricos.

Keywords

NeolithicChalcolithicBronze Agenavigationharboursbeach marketsseamarkscraft productioncoastal changesand dunesCulbin Sands
Type
Articles
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 82 , December 2016 , pp. 125 - 159
Copyright
© The Prehistoric Society 2016 

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