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Iron Age Mortuary Practices in Britain: An Assessment of Current Trends and their Characteristics within Contemporary North-western European Traditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2022

ANDREW W. LAMB
ANDREW W. LAMB*
Affiliation:
Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Berliner Straße 12, 73728 Esslingen am Neckar, Germany. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The past four decades have been a time of great activity for researchers examining the Iron Age in north-west Europe. Since the 1980s, the scale of archaeological fieldwork has expanded massively and, with it, the quantity of data available to study. Iron Age mortuary data have been one of the main beneficiaries of this. Britain is no exception to this trend, with a number of important discoveries made over the years, thereby improving our understanding of mortuary practices during this period. The situation is comparable for the regions which immediately border Britain: Ireland, northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. This paper reviews the current state of research for this part of Europe, contextualising the Iron Age British data within the broader north-west European frame of these neighbouring regions. In so doing, a better understanding of how chronological developments in the British mortuary data relate to those elsewhere is possible. Additionally, these data may inform us of other aspects of past societies, such as population mobility, social structure, and the persistence of ritual practices over time.

Resumé

RESUMÉ

Les pratiques funéraires de l’âge du Fer en Grande-Bretagne : une évaluation des tendances en cours et de leurs caractéristiques au sein des traditions contemporaines du Nord-Ouest de l’Europe, par Andrew W. Lamb

Les quatre dernières décennies ont été une période de grande activité pour les chercheurs qui étudient l’âge du Fer dans le Nord-Ouest de l’Europe. Depuis les années 1980, l’ampleur des recherches de terrain s’est considérablement accrue et, avec elle, la quantité de données disponibles pour analyse. Les données funéraires de l’âge du Fer en ont été l’un des principaux bénéficiaires. La Grande-Bretagne ne fait pas exception, avec un certain nombre de découvertes importantes faites au fil des ans, améliorant ainsi notre compréhension des pratiques funéraires durant cette période. La situation est comparable pour les régions limitrophes de la Grande-Bretagne: l’Irlande, le Nord de la France, la Belgique et les Pays-Bas. Cet article passe en revue l’état actuel de la recherche dans cette partie de l’Europe, en replaçant les données de l’âge du Fer britannique dans le cadre plus large de ces régions voisines du Nord-Ouest de l’Europe. Ce faisant, il est possible de mieux comprendre comment les développements chronologiques des données funéraires britanniques sont liés à ceux d’autres régions. En outre, ces données peuvent nous renseigner sur d’autres aspects des sociétés passées, tels que la mobilité de la population, la structure sociale et la persistance des pratiques rituelles dans le temps.

Zusamennfassung

ZUSAMENNFASSUNG

Eisenzeitliche Bestattungspraktiken in Großbritannien: Eine Einschätzung aktueller Trends und ihrer Merkmale innerhalb gegenwärtiger nordwesteuropäischen Traditionen, von Andrew W. Lamb

Die letzten vier Jahrzehnte waren für Forscherinnen und Forscher, die sich mit der Eisenzeit in Nordwesteuropa befassen, eine Zeit großer Aktivität. Seit den 1980er Jahren hat sich das Ausmaß der archäologischen Feldforschung massiv ausgeweitet und damit auch die Menge der verfügbaren Daten, die untersucht werden können. Die Daten zu eisenzeitlichen Bestattungen waren einer der Hauptprofiteure dieser Entwicklung. Großbritannien bildet hier keine Ausnahme, denn im Laufe der Jahre wurde eine Reihe wichtiger Entdeckungen gemacht, die unser Verständnis der Bestattungspraktiken dieser Epoche verbessert haben. Vergleichbar ist die Situation in den Regionen, die unmittelbar an Großbritannien grenzen: Irland, Nordfrankreich, Belgien und die Niederlande. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung in diesem Teil Europas und ordnet die britischen Daten aus der Eisenzeit in den breiteren nordwesteuropäischen Rahmen dieser Nachbarregionen ein. Auf diese Weise wird ein besseres Verständnis dafür möglich, wie sich die chronologischen Entwicklungen in den britischen Bestattungsdaten zu denen in anderen Regionen verhalten. Darüber hinaus können diese Daten Aufschluss über andere Aspekte vergangener Gesellschaften geben, wie z. B. die Mobilität der Bevölkerung, die Sozialstruktur und das Fortbestehen ritueller Praktiken im Laufe der Zeit.

Resumen

RESUMEN

Prácticas funerarias durante la Edad del Hierro en Gran Bretaña: una valoración de las tendencias actuales y sus características dentro de las tradiciones europeas contemporáneas en el noroeste, por Andrew W. Lamb

Las últimas cuatro décadas han sido un momento de gran actividad para los investigadores que han centrado su actividad en la Edad del Hierro en el noroeste de Europa. Desde la década de 1980, la escala de los trabajos arqueológicos se ha ampliado de forma masiva y, con ello, la cantidad de datos disponibles para el estudio. Los datos sobre las prácticas funerarias durante la Edad del Hierro han sido uno de los principales beneficiarios de esto. Gran Bretaña no ha sido una excepción en esta tendencia, con un número importante de descubrimientos durante los últimos años, que han mejorado nuestra comprensión sobre las prácticas mortuorias durante este período. La situación es comparable en las regiones que limitan directamente con Gran Bretaña: Irlanda, norte de Francia, Bélgica y los Países Bajos. Este artículo revisa el actual estado de la investigación de esta parte de Europa, contextualizando los datos sobre la Edad el Hierro en Gran Bretaña en un ámbito más amplio del noroeste europeo considerando las regiones limítrofes. Gracias a ello, es posible una mejor comprensión de cómo las modificaciones funerarias de las prácticas funerarias británicas se relacionan con las de otros lugares. Además, estos datos nos podrían informar de otros aspectos sobre las sociedades pasadas, como la movilidad de la población, la estructura social y la persistencia de las prácticas rituales a lo largo del tiempo.

Keywords

Mortuary practicesburialinhumationcremationIron Age
Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 88 , December 2022 , pp. 227 - 260
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Prehistoric Society

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