Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T14:03:05.350Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Croft Moraig and the Chronology of Stone Circles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

Richard Bradley
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, PO Box 218, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 2AB
Alison Sheridan
Affiliation:
National Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF

Abstract

The Perthshire stone circle of Croft Moraig was excavated 40 years ago and is usually taken to illustrate the classic sequence at such monuments in Britain. A timber setting, accompanied by a shallow ditch, was replaced by two successive stone settings. The pottery associated with the earliest construction was dated to the Neolithic period. A new analysis of the excavated material suggests that, in fact, most of the ceramics are Middle or Late Bronze Age. They provide a terminus post quern for at least one of the stone settings on the site. Further study of the evidence suggests an alternative sequence of construction at Croft Moraig, involving a change in the axis of the monument. It seems possible that other stone and timber circles were equally late in date and that their period of use in Britain and Ireland may have been longer than is generally supposed.

Résumé

Le cercle de pierres de Croft Moraig, dans le Perthshire, fut fouillé il y a 40 ans et on le considère, en général, comme un exemple de la séquence classique de ces types de monuments en Grande-Bretagne. Une assise en bois, accompagnée d'un fossé peu profond, fut remplacée par deux assises successives en pierres. La poterie associée à la construction la plus ancienne a été datée de la période néolithique. Une nouvelle analyse des matériaux mis au jour indique qu'en fait ces céramiques datent de l'âge du bronze moyen ou final. Elles fournissent un terminus post quem pour au moins une des assises en pierres du site. Un examen plus approfondi des témoignages indique une alternative à la séquence de construction de Croft Moraig qui implique un changement dans l'axe du monument. Il semble possible que d'autres cercles de pierres ou de bois aient également été d'une date plus tardive et que leur période d'utilisation en Grande-Bretagne et en Irlande ait pu durer plus longtemps qu'on ne le supposait en général

Zusammenfassung

Der Perthshire Steinkreis von Croft Moraig wurde vor 40 Jahren ausgegraben und wird gewöhnlich zur Illustration der klassischen Abfolge dieser Monumente in Großbritannien herangezogen. Ein Holzkreis mit flachem Graben wurde mit zwei aufeinander folgenden Steinkreisen ersetzt. Die zur frühesten Konstruktion gehörende Keramik wurde ins Neolithikum datiert. Eine neue Analyse des ausgegrabenen Materials deutet aber an, dass die Keramik in die mittlere oder späte Bronzezeit datiert. Sie liefert damit einen terminus post quem für mindestens einen der Steinkreise dieser Fundstelle. Weiterführende Untersuchungen der Befunde legen eine alternative Abfolge der Konstruktion in Croft Moraig nahe, die eine Veränderung der Achse des Monuments zur Folge hat. Es ist durchaus möglich, dass die anderen Stein- und Holzkreise ähnlich spät datieren und ihre Nutzungsdauer in Großbritannien und Irland länger als bisher angenommen gewesen ist.

Résumen

El Círculo de Piedra de Croft Moraig en Perthshire fue excavado hace 40 años y suele ser empleado para ilustrar la secuencia clásica de este tipo de monumentos en Gran Bretaña. Una estructura de madera acompañada de un foso poco profundo, fue remplazada por dos estructuras sucesivas en piedra. La cerámica asociada con la primera construcción fue datada como correspondiente al periodo neolítico. Un nuevo análisis del material excavado sugiere que, de hecho, las cerámicas datan de la Edad del Bronce Medio o Tardío. Ello proporciona un terminus post quem para al menos una de las estructuras en piedra del yacimiento. Posteriores estudios de la evidencia indican una secuencia alternativa para la construcción de Croft Moraig, que incluyen un cambio del eje del monumento. Parece posible que otros círculos de piedra y de madera puedan datar de una fecha igualmente tardía y que su periodo de uso en Gran Bretaña e Irlanda pueda haber sido más largo de lo que es generalmente aceptado.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barclay, G.J. 2000. Croft Moraig reconsidered. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 6, 17Google Scholar
Barnatt, J. 1989. Stone Circles of Britain. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 215Google Scholar
Bradley, R. 2000. The Good Stones. A New Investigation of the Clava Cairns. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of ScotlandGoogle Scholar
Bradley, R. 2005. The Moon and the Bonfire. An Investigation of Three Stone Circles in North-East Scotland. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of ScotlandGoogle Scholar
Brindley, A. & Lanting., J. 1992. Radiocarbon dates from wedge tombs. Journal of Irish Archaeology 6, 1926Google Scholar
Burenhult, G. 1980. The Archaeological Excavation at Carrowmore, Co. Sligo, Ireland. Excavation Seasons 1977–79. Stockholm: Institute of ArchaeologyGoogle Scholar
Burl, A. 2000. The Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland and Brittany. New Haven CT: Yale University PressGoogle Scholar
Coles, F. 1910. Stone circles survey in Perthshire (Aberfeldy district). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 44 (1909–10), 117–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowie, T.G. 1993. A survey of the Neolithic pottery of eastern and central Scotland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 123, 1341CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, A. 1998. Stonehenge and Timber Circles. Stroud: TempusGoogle Scholar
Henshall, A.S. 1963. The Chambered Tombs of Scotland. Volume 1. Edinburgh: University PressGoogle Scholar
Henshall, A.S. 1972. The Chambered Tombs of Scotland. Volume 2. Edinburgh: University PressGoogle Scholar
Henshall, A.S. 1981 Report on the pottery from Balfarg, Fife. In Mercer, R.J., The excavation of a late Neolithic henge-type enclosure at Balfarg, Markinch, Fife, Scotland, 1977–78. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 111, 128–33Google Scholar
O'Brien, W. 2004. (Con)fusion or tradition? The circle henge in Ireland. In Gibson, A. & Sheridan, J.A. (eds), From Sickles to Circles, 323–38. Stroud: TempusGoogle Scholar
O'Kelly, M. 1958. A wedge-shaped gallery grave at Island, Co. Cork. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 88, 123Google Scholar
Piggott, S. & Simpson, D. 1971. The excavation of a stone circle at Croft Moraig, Perthshire, Scotland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 37(1), 115CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rees, T. 1997. The excavation of Cairnwell ring-cairn, Portlethen, Aberdeenshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 127, 255–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, D. 2003. Watchers of the Dawn. Tain: privately published CDGoogle Scholar
Sheridan, J.A. 2000. Neolithic pottery from Balnuaran of Clava South. In Bradley, 2000, 87 & illus 87.6Google Scholar
Sheridan, J.A. 2002. Pottery and other ceramic finds. In Barclay, G.J., Brophy, K. & MacGregor, G., Claish, Stirling: an early Neolithic structure in its context. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 132, 7988Google Scholar
Sheridan, J.A. 2003a. The National Museums' of Scotland Dating Cremated Bones Project: results obtained during 2002/3. Discovery & Excavation in Scotland 4, 167–9Google Scholar
Sheridan, J.A. 2003b. New dates for Scottish cinerary urns results from the National Museums' of Scotland Dating Cremated Bones Project: In Gibson, A. (ed.), Prehistor Pottery: people, pattern and purpose, 201–26. OxfordBritish Archaeological Report S1156Google Scholar
Sheridan, J.A. 2005. Pottery. In Bradley, 2005, 33–6Google Scholar
Stewart, M. 1959. Strath Tay in the second millennium BC – a field survey. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquari of Scotland 92 (1958–9), 7184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, M. 1965. Excavation of a circle of standing stones at Sandy Road, Scone, Perthshire. Transactions of the Perthshire Society of Natural Science 11, 723Google Scholar