Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T07:00:05.077Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Coygan Cave, Laugharne, South Wales, a Mousterian Site and Hyaena Den: a Report on the University of Cambridge Excavations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

Stephen Aldhouse-Green
Affiliation:
Department of History and Archaeology, University of Wales College, Newport, Caerleon Campus, Newport NP6 1YG
Katharine Scott
Affiliation:
Donald Baden-Powell Quaternary Research Centre, 60 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6PN
Henry Schwarcz
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Canada L8S 4M1
Rainer Grün
Affiliation:
Quaternary Dating Research Centre, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
Rupert Housley
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 10 The Square, Glasgow G12 8QQ
Angela Rae
Affiliation:
c/o Oxford Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, 6 Keble Road, Oxford
Richard Bevins
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, National Museums and Galleries of Wales, Cardiff CF1 3NP
Mark Redknap
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, National Museums and Galleries of Wales, Cardiff CF1 3NP

Abstract

Excavation by Charles McBurney and John Clegg during the early 1960s revealed a sequence with a Mousterian occupation, of which the principal finds were two bout coupé handaxes, stratified close to the base of a Middle Devensian hyaena-den accumulation. The human occupation should belong within the period 64–38 ka with comparative and stratigraphic evidence favouring a date within the earlier part of this range before 50 ka. The hyaena-den occupation probably extends from at least 40 ka (if not 60 ka) until c. 24 ka.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bertram, B.C.R. 1979. Serengeti predators and their social systems. In Sinclair, A.R.E. & Norton-Griffiths, M. (eds). Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem, 221–48. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bordes, F. 1954. Les Limons Quaternaires du Bassin de la Seine: stratigraphie et archéologie paléolithique. Paris: Archives de l'Institut de Paléontologie Humaine.Google Scholar
Bordes, F. 1961. Typologie du Paléolithique Ancien et Moyen. Mémoire 1. Bordeaux: Delmas.Google Scholar
Brain, C.K. 1981. The Hunters or the Hunted? An Introduction to African Cave Taphonomy. Chicago: University Press.Google Scholar
Burleigh, R., Hewson, A. & Meeks, N. 1976. British Museum natural radiocarbon measurements VIII. Radiocarbon 18, 1642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, R. 1979 Carnivores of Europe. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Calkin, J.B. & Green, J.F.N. 1949. Palaeoliths and terraces near Bournemouth. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 15, 2137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callow, P. 1976. The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic of Britain and Adjacent Areas of Europe. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Campbell, J.B. 1977. The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain: A Study of Man and Nature in the Late Ice Age. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Campbell, S. & Bowen, D.Q. 1989. Geological Conservation Review: the Quaternary of Wales. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council.Google Scholar
Clegg, J. 1970. Excavations at Coygan Cave, near Laugharne: first draft report. Carmarthen Antiquary 5, 1320.Google Scholar
Coope, G.R., Shotton, F.W. & Strachan, I. 1961. A late Pleistocene fauna and flora from Upton Warren, Worcestershire' Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 244, 279421.Google Scholar
Coope, G.R. 1968. Coleoptera from the ‘Arctic Bed’ at Barnwell Station, Cambridge. Geological Magazine 105, 482–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulson, S.D. 1986. The bout coupé handaxe as a typological mistake. In Collcutt, S.N. (ed.), The Palaeolithic of Britain and its Nearest Neighbours: Recent Trends, 53–4. Sheffield: Department of Archaeology & Prehistory, University of Sheffield.Google Scholar
Coulson, S.D. 1990. Middle Palaeolithic Industries of Great Britain. Studies in Modern Archaeology 4. Bonn: Holos.Google Scholar
Crisler, L. 1956. Observations of wolves hunting caribou. Journal of Mammology 37, 337–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Currant, A., Stringer, C. & Colcutt, S. 1984. Bacon Hole Cave. In Bowen, D.Q. & Henry, A. (eds), Wales: Gower, Preseli, Fforest Fawr. Quaternary Research Association Field Guide April 1984, 3844.Google Scholar
Dawkins, W.B. 1874. Cave Hunting. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Delair, J.B. & Shackley, M.L. 1978. The Fisherton Brickpits: their stratigraphy and fossil contents. Wiltshire Archaeolical & Natural History Society Magazine 73, 319.Google Scholar
Donovan, D.T. 1988. The Late Pleistocene sequence at Wells, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 18, 241–57.Google Scholar
Douglas-Hamilton, I. & Douglas-Hamilton, O. 1975. Among the Elephants. London: Viking Press.Google Scholar
Evans, J. 1897. The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain, 2nd edn. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Gascoyne, M., Schwarcz, H.P. & Ford, D.C. 1978. Uranium series dating and stable isotope studies of speleothems: part 1, theory and techniques. Transactions of the British Cave Research Association 5, 91111.Google Scholar
Gordon, D., Smart, P.L., Ford, D.C., Andrews, J.M., Atkinson, T.C., Rowe, P.J. & Christopher, N.S.J. 1989. Dating of Late Pleistocene Interglacial and Interstadial periods in the United Kingdom from speleothem growth and frequency. Quaternary Research 31, 1426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant-Dalton, S. 1917. Untitled note in An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments of Wales and Monmouthshire: V County of Carmarthen. London: Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England.Google Scholar
Green, H.S. 1984. Pontnewydd Cave. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Green, H.S. 1986. Excavations at Little Hoyle (Longbury Bank), Wales in 1984. In Roe, D.A. (ed.), Studies in the Upper Palaeolithic of Britain and Northwest Europe, 99119. Oxford: British Archaeological Report S296.Google Scholar
Green, S. & Walker, E. 1991. Ice Age Hunters: Neanderthal and Early Modern Hunters in Wales. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Grimes, W.F. & Cowley, L.F. 1935. Coygan Cave, Llansadyrnin, Carmarthenshire. Archaeologia Cambrensis 90, 95111.Google Scholar
Griln, R. 1989. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. Quaternary International 1, 65109.Google Scholar
Guthrie, R.D. 1982. Mammals of the Mammoth Steppe as paleoenvironmental indicators. In Hopkins, D.M., Matthews, J.V. Jr, Schweger, C.E. & Young, S.B. (eds), Paleoecology of Beringia, 307–26. New York: Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haesarts, P. 1985. Les loess du Pléistocene supérieur en Belgique: comparaisons avec les séquences d'Europe centrale. Bulletin Association Française pour l'Etude du Quaternaire 223, 105–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haynes, G. 1983. Frequencies of spiral and green-bone fractures on ungulate limb bones in modern surface assemblages. American Antiquity 48, 102–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicks, H. 1867. Discovery of a Hyaena-den, near Laugharne, Carmarthenshire. Geological Magazine 4, 307–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicks, H. 1884. On some recent researches in bone caves in Wales. Proceedings of the Geological Association 9, 142.Google Scholar
Hill, A. 1978. Hyaenas, bones and fossil man. Kenya Past and Present 9, 914.Google Scholar
Hill, A. 1980. Hyaena provisioning of juvenile offspring at the den. Mammalia 44, 594–5.Google Scholar
Hill, A. 1983. Hyaenas and early hominids. In Clutton-Brock, J. & Grigson, C. (eds), Animals in Archaeology, 8792. Oxford: British Archaeological Report S163.Google Scholar
Horton, A. 1970. The drift sequence and sub-glacial topography in parts of the Ouse and Nene Basin. Institute of Geological Sciences Report 70/9.Google Scholar
Houston, D.C. 1979. The adaptations of scavengers. In Sinclair, A.R.E. and Norton-Griffiths, M. (eds), Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem. 163–86. Chicago: University Press.Google Scholar
Jackson, R., Beckey, I. & Baker, M. 1991. Two groups of nineteenth century pipe waste from Bristol, Clay Pipe Research 2, 97126.Google Scholar
Kruuk, H. 1972. The Spotted Hyaena. Chicago: University Press.Google Scholar
Lawick, H. van & Lawick-Goodall, J. van 1970. Innocent Killers. London: Collins.Google Scholar
Laws, E. 1888. The History of Little England Beyond Wales. London: George Bell & Sons.Google Scholar
Leroi-Gourhan, A., Sommé, J. & Tuffreau, A. 1978. Weichselien et Paléolithique moyen de Seclin (Melantois-Nord de la France). Bulletin Association Française pour l'Etude du Quateraire 15, 6980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lister, A.M. 1991. Late Glacial mammoths in Britain. In Barton, N., Roberts, A.J. & Roe, D.A. (eds), The Late Glacial in North-west Europe, 559. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 77.Google Scholar
Mellars, P.A. 1969. ‘The chronology of Mousterian industries in the Périgord region of south-west France. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 35, 134–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellars, P.A. 1986. A new chronology for the French Mousterian period. Nature 322, 410–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, M.G.L. & Mills, M.E.J. 1977. An analysis of bones collected at breeding dens in the Gemsbok National Parks. (Mammalia: Carnivora) Annals of the Transvaal Museum 30, 145–55.Google Scholar
Oliver, R.C.D. 1982. Ecology and behaviour of living elephants: bases for assumptions concerning extinct woolly mammoths. In Hopkins, D.M., Matthews, J.V. Jr., Schweger, C.E. & Young, S.B. (eds), Paleocology of Beringia, 291305. New York: Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, T.T. & Tebbutt, C.F. 1947. Studies in the Palaeolithic succession in England, No. III: Palaeoliths from St Neots, Huntingdonshire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 13, 3746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pimlott, D.H. 1967. Wolf predation and ungulate populations. American Zoologist 7, 267–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, H.F. 1924. Palaeoliths from Great Pan Farm, Isle of Wight. Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club 9, 305–19.Google Scholar
Roe, D.A. 1968. British Lower and Middle Palaeolithic handaxe groups. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 34, 182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roe, D.A. 1981. The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Periods in Britain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Savory, H.N. 1940. Bone implement from Coygan Cave. Archaeologia Cambrensis 95, 84.Google Scholar
Scott, K. 1986. British Bone Caves: A Taphonomic Study of Devensian Faunal Assemblages. Unpubl. PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Shackley, M.L. 1973. A contextual study of the Mousterian industry from Great Pan Farm, Newport, Isle of Wight. Proceedings of the Isle of Wight Archaeological & Natural History Society 6, 542–4.Google Scholar
Shackley, M.L. 1977. The bout coupe handaxe as a typological marker for the British Mousterian industries. In Wright, R.V.S. (ed.), Stone Tools as Cultural Markers: Change, Evolution and Complexity, 332–9. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Prehistory and Material Culture Series 12.Google Scholar
Shackley, M.L. 1981. On the Palaeolithic archaeology of Hampshire. In Shennan, S.J. & Schadla-Hall, R.T., (eds), The Archaeology of Hampshire, 4–. Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society Monograph 1.Google Scholar
Shotton, F.W. 1977. Chronology, climate and marine record. The Devensian Stage: its development, limits and substages. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 280, 107–18.Google Scholar
Stuart, A.J. 1982. Pleistocene Vertebrates in the British Isles. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar
Sutcliffe, A.J. 1970. Spotted hyaena: crusher, gnawer, digester and collector of bones. Nature 227, 1110–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, K.C., Lamorey, G.W., Doyle, G.A., Alley, R.B., Grootes, P.M., Mayewski, P.A., White, J.W.C. & Barlow, L.K. 1993. The ‘flickering switch’ of late Pleistocene climate change. Nature 361, 432–6.Google Scholar
Tratman, E.K. 1977. Mendip Palaeolithic sites. In Crabtree, K. (ed.), Quaternary Research Association Field Handbook, Easter Meeting 1977 Bristol, 5562.Google Scholar
Tratman, E.K., Donovan, D.T. & Campbell, J.B. 1971. The Hyaena Den (Wookey Hole), Mendip Hills Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 12, 245–79.Google Scholar
Tuffreau, A. 1972. Les industries moustériennes du Nord de la France (Nord, Pas-de-Calais): état des recherches. Septentrion 2, 3745.Google Scholar
Tyldesley, J.A. 1987. The Bout Coupé Handaxe: a Typological Problem. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valladas, H., Geneste, J.M., Joron, J.L. & Chadelle, J.P. 1986. Thermoluminescence dating of Le Moustier (Dordogne, France). Nature 322, 452–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, J.C. & Waterbolk, H.T. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates X, Radiocarbon 14, 6110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vyner, B.E. 1989. Excavations at Oxwich Castle, Gower, 1974–5. The pottery assemblage', Medieval and Later Pottery in Wales 11, 3645.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1967. Coygan Camp. Cardiff: Cambrian Archaeological Association.Google Scholar
Wardle, F.C. 1919. The Coygan Bone Cave. Transactions of the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society 13, 50–2.Google Scholar