Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T04:02:22.243Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Britain Inside and Outside Mesolithic Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2014

R. M. Jacobi
Affiliation:
Jesus College, Cambridge

Extract

It is now some twenty years since Clark wrote his paper ‘A Microlithic Industry from the Cambridgeshire Fenland and other industries of Sauveterrian affinities from Britain’ (Clark 1955), and almost as long since he considered the cultural and chronological implications of flint industries with Trapezes—bitruncated blades—in North Western Europe (Clark 1958). Since then some 150 to 200 radiocarbon determinations have become available for the Mesolithic of this area—most particularly from Denmark, the Netherlands and Britain, with rather fewer from France. It is, quite deliberately, not the intention of this paper to attempt a detailed consideration, or presentation of all these new dates—not even for Britain where some sixty recent determinations and their associations will be the subject of a separate larger paper (Switsur and Jacobi, in preparation). More worrying, however, than this mass of new datings is a proliferation of new and mainly regional terms for stone industries, which, while believed to show sufficient diversity to demand such an extended nomenclature, are nevertheless obviously closely linked at the techno-complex level. It is then at this techno-complex level at which it is intended to work, and it is towards a simplified, or at least manageable, terminology that it is proposed to aim. The Key to the article will remain Britain in relation to the European mainland.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Althin, C. A., 1954, ‘The Chronology of the Stone Age Settlement of Scania, Sweden. I. The Mesolithic Settlement’. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia Series in 40, 1.Google Scholar
Andersen, K., 1951. ‘Hutter fra Maglemosetid, Danmarks aeldste boliger’, National museets Arbejdsmark, 6976.Google Scholar
Andersen, K., 1960. ‘Verupbopladsen: En Maglemose boplads i Aamosen’, Aarbøger, 118–51.Google Scholar
Bandi, H. G. et al. , 1964. ‘Birsmatten-Basigrotte: Eine Mittelsteinzeitliche Fundstelle in unteren Birstal’, Acta Bernensia 1, 271.Google Scholar
Barendsen, G. W., Deevey, E. S. and Gralenski, L. J., 1957. ‘Yale Natural Radiocarbon Measurements III’, Science, 126, 908–19 (vide esp. p. 911).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrière, Cl., 1965. ‘Le Gisement de la Grotte de Rouffignac (Dordogne)’, Actes du Congrès International des Sciences préhistoriques et proto-historiques, Rome.Google Scholar
Barrière, Cl. et al. , 1969. ‘Epipaléolithique-Mésolithique: Les microlithes géométriques’, B.S.P.F., 66, 355–66.Google Scholar
Barrière, Cl. et al. , 1972. ‘Epipaléolithique-Mésolithique: Les armatures non-géométriques I’, B.S.P.F., 69, 364–75.Google Scholar
Bohmers, A. and Wouters, Aq., 1956. ‘Statistics and Graphs in the Study of Flint Assemblages. III. A preliminary Report on the Statistical Analysis of the Mesolithic in North-Western Europe’, Palaeohistoria, 5, 2838.Google Scholar
Bohmers, A. and Wouters, Aq. M., 1962. ‘Belangrijke Vondsten Van de Ahrensburg-cultur in de Gemeente Geldrop’, Brabants Heem, 14, no. 1, 320.Google Scholar
Bokelmann, K., 1971. ‘Duvensee ein Wohnplatz des Mesolithikums in Schleswig-Holstein, und die Duvensee gruppe’, Offa, 526.Google Scholar
Breuil, H., 1926. ‘Un Harpon Maglemosien trouvé à Béthune en 1849’, L'Anthropologie, 36, 309–12.Google Scholar
Brinch Petersen, E., 1967. ‘Klosterlund—Sønder Hadsund-Bøllund. Les Trois Sites Principaux du Maglémosien Ancien en Jutland. Essai de Typologie et Chronologie’, Acta Archaeologia, 37, 77185.Google Scholar
Brinch Petersen, E., 1972. ‘A Maglemose Hut from Svaerdborg Bog, Zealand’, Acta Arch, 42, 4377.Google Scholar
Broholm, H. C., 1924, ‘Nye Fund fra den aeldste Stenalder. Holmegaard -og Svaerdborgfundene’, Aarbørger, 1144.Google Scholar
Brønsted, J., 1957. ‘Danmarks Oldtid. I. Stenalderen’, Københaven (vide esp. p. 66).Google Scholar
Butler, J., 1957. Tijdschrift Kon. Ned. Aardrijks Genootsch, 74, 239.Google Scholar
Champagne, F., 1971. ‘Miers-Grotte des Fieux’, Gallia Préhistoire, 14, 407–08.Google Scholar
Churchill, D. M., 1962. ‘The Stratigraphy of the Mesolithic sites III and V at Thatcham, Berkshire England’, PPS, 28, 362–70. (vide esp. p. 370).Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D., 1932. The Mesolithic Age in Britain, C.U.P.Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D., 1935. ‘The Prehistory of the Isle of Man’, PPS, 1, 7092 (vide esp. figs. 5 and 6).Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D., 1936. The Mesolithic Settlement of Northern Europe, C.U.P.Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D., 1954. Star Carr, C.U.P.Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D., 1955. ‘A Microlithic Industry from the Cambridgeshire Fenland and other Industries of Sauveterrian Affinities from Britain’, PPS, 21, 320.Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D., 1958. ‘Blade and Trapeze Industries of the European Stone Age’, PPS, 24, 2442.Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D., 1975. The Earlier Stone Age Settlement of Scandinavia, C.U.P.Google Scholar
Coles, J. and Morgan, R., 1975. ‘Timber and Radiocarbon Dates’, Antiquity, 49, 123–5.Google Scholar
Coulonges, L., 1935. ‘Les Gisements préhistoriques de Sauveterre-la-Lémance. (Lot et Garonne)’, A.I.P.H. Mémoire, 14,Google Scholar
Coupland, G., 1948. A Mesolithic Industry at ‘The Beacon’ S.E. Durham. Privately Printed: John Bellows Ltd. Gloucester.Google Scholar
Daniel, M. and R., , 1949. ‘Le Tardenoisien Classique du Tardenois’, L'Anthropologie, 52, 411–49.Google Scholar
De Laet, S. J., 1958. The Low Countries, Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Delibrias, G., Guillier, M. T. and Labeyrie, J., 1972. ‘Gif Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII’, Radiocarbon, 14, no. 2, 280320 (vide esp. p. 290).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doize, R. L., 1952, ‘Quelques Objets maglemosiens trouvés en Belgique’, Bulletin de la Société. Roy. belge d'études géol. et Arch., Les Chercheurs de la Wallonie, 15, 109–20.Google Scholar
Engstrand, L. G. and Østlund, H. G., 1962. ‘Stockholm Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IV’, Radiocarbon, 4, 115–36 (vide esp. p. 115).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escalon de Fonton, M., 1967. ‘Recherches sur la Préhistoire dans le Midi de la France. Rapport préliminaire sur la campagne de fouilles 1966’, Cahiers Ligures de Préhistoire et d'Archéologie, 16, 175–83.Google Scholar
Escalon de Fonton, M., 1974. ‘The End of the Ice Age to the First Agriculturalists 10,000–4000 B.C.’, in Piggott, S. et al. . (ed). France before the Romans, 61101.Google Scholar
Evin, J., Longin, R., Marien, G. and Pachiaudi, Ch., 1971. ‘Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II’, Radiocarbon, 13, no. 1, 5273. (vide esp. p. 58).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Firbas, F., 1949. ‘Spät-und Nacheiszeitliche Waldgeschichte Mitteleuropas Nordlich der Alpen’, Jena. Gustav. Fischer, 480 (vide esp. p. 155).Google Scholar
Godwin, H. and Willis, E. H., 1959. ‘Cambridge University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I’, Radiocarbon, 1, 6375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamal-Nandrin, J. and Servais, J., 1909. ‘Contribution à l'étude du Préhistorique dans la Campine Limbourgeoise’, Féd. Archéol, et Hist, de Belgique. Annales du XXIe Congès., 2, 125.Google Scholar
Heesters, P. W., 1967. ‘Mesolithicum te Nijnsel’, Brabants Heem, 19, 168–78 (vide esp. p. 174).Google Scholar
Heesters, P. W., 1971. ‘Een Mesolithische Nederzetting te Sint Oedenrode’, Brabants Heem, 23, 94115.Google Scholar
Jacobi, R. M., 1973. ‘Aspects of the “Mesolithic Age” in Great Britain’ in Koslowski, S.K. (ed.) The Mesolithic in Europe, Warsaw University Press (vide esp. pp. 237–65).Google Scholar
Johansson, A., 1971. ‘Barmosen-gruppen. Praeboreal boplads fund med skiveøkser i Sydsjaelland’, Historisk Samfundfor Praestø Amt. Aarbog. (1968), 101–70.Google Scholar
Jorgensen, S., 1954. ‘A Pollen Analytical Dating of Maglemose Finds from the Bog Aamosen, Zealand’, Danmarks Geol. Unders. II Raekke, 80, 159–87 (vide esp. p. 183, fig. 3. (Vandløse)).Google Scholar
Koslowski, S. K., 1972. ‘Pradzieje Ziem Polskich od IX do V Tysiaclecia P.N.E.’, Panstwowe Wydavmictwa Naukowe (vide esp. pp. 165205).Google Scholar
Kubitzki, K. and Münnich, K. O., 1960. ‘Neue C14 Datierungen zur Nacheiszeitlichen Waldegeschichte Nordwestdeutschlands’, Berichte. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch., 73, 137–46 (vide p. 140).Google Scholar
Lacaille, A. D., 1935. ‘The Small Flint Knives of Orkney’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., 69, 251–62.Google Scholar
Lacam, R. et al. , 1944. ‘Le Gisement Mésolithique du Cuzoul de Gramat’, A.I.P.H. Mémoire, 21,Google Scholar
Louwe Kooijmans, D. P., 1971. ‘Mesolithic Bone and Antler Implements from the North Sea and from the Netherlands’, Berichten van de Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek, 20–21, 2773.Google Scholar
Mathiassen, T., 1943. ‘Stenalderbopladser i Aamosen’, Nordiske Fortidsminder., III.3 (vide p. 132).Google Scholar
Maury, J., 1967. Les Étapes de peuplement sur Les Grandes Causses: Des Origines à l'Époque gallo-romaine. Éditions du Beffroi, Millau.Google Scholar
Miles, H., 1972. ‘Excavations at Rhuddlan 1969–71: Interim Report’, J. Flints. Hist. Soc., 25, 118.Google Scholar
Münnich, K. O., 1957. ‘Heidelburg Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I’, Science, 126, 194–9 (vide esp. p. 197).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, R. R., 1973. ‘The Post-glacial Adaptations of the indigenous population of the North West European Plain’ in Koslowski, , 1973, 399440.Google Scholar
Newell, R. R. and Wroomans, A. P. J., 1972. Automatic registration and systems for Archaeological Analysis with the Philips P. 1100 Computer: A Mesolithic test case. New York, Humanities Press, Oosterhaut: Anthropological publications, 19,Google Scholar
Nilsson, T., 1964. ‘Standard Pollen diagramme und C14 Datierungen aus dem Ageröds Mosse in Mittleren Schonen’, Lunds. Universitets Årssk. N.F. Avd 2, 59, no. 7, 152.Google Scholar
Nilsson, T., 1967. ‘Pollen analytische Datierung; Mesolithischer Seidlungen im Randgebiet des Ageröds Mosse in Mittleren Schonen’, Acta Universitatis Lundensis. Sectio II, 16, 180.Google Scholar
Parent, R., 1967. ‘Le Gisement tardenoisien de L'Allée Tortue à Fère en Tardenois (Aisne)’, B.S.P.F., 64, 187208.Google Scholar
Popping, H. J., 1930. ‘Drentsche Mesolithicum en Neolithicum’ Nieuwe Drentse Volksalmanak, 6981.Google Scholar
Rankine, W. F.Switsur, V. R. and Jacobi, R. M., 1975 (in Press).Google Scholar
Rozoy, J. G., 1971. ‘Tardenoisien et Sauveterrien’, B.S.P.F., 68, 345–74.Google Scholar
Sarauw, G. F. L., 1903. ‘En Stenalders Boplads: Maglemose Ved Mullerup, sammenholdt med beslaegtede fund,’ Aarbøger, 148–315 (barbed point p. 248, fig. 30).Google Scholar
Schuldt, E., 1961. Hohen Viecheln ein mittel-steinzeitliche Wohnplatz in Mecklenburg, Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Schriften der Sektion für, Vor-und Frühgeschichte, Band 105,CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwabedissen, H., 1949. ‘Die Bedeutung der Moorarchäologie für die Urgeschichtforschung’, Offa Bucher, 18, 46–74 (vide esp. pp. 66–9).Google Scholar
Sheridan, R., Sheridan, D. and Hassell, P., 1967. ‘Rescue Excavation of a Mesolithic Site at Greenham Dairy Farm, Newbury 1963’, Trans. Newbury and District Field Club, 11, 4, 6673.Google Scholar
Smith, R. A., 1919. ‘Foreign Relations in the Neolithic Period. Presidential address 1919’, P.P.S.E.A., 3, 1432.Google Scholar
Switsur, V. R., Hall, M. A. and West, R. G., 1970. ‘Cambridge University Nat. Radiocarbon Measurements IX, Radiocarbon, 12, no. 2, 590–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Switsur, V. R. and Jacobi, R. M., 1975. ‘Radiocarbon Dates for the Pennine Mesolithic,’ Nature, 256, 32–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Switsur, V. R. and West, R. G., 1973. ‘University of Cambridge Natural Radiocarbon Measurements XII’, Radiocarbon, 15, pt. 3, 534544 (vide esp. p. 542).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tauber, H., 1966. ‘Copenhagen Radiocarbon dates VII,’ Radiocarbon, 8, 213–34 (vide esp. p. 215).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tauber, H., 1970. ‘Danske Kulstof-14 Dateringer af Arkaeologiske prøver III,’ Aarbøger, 120–42 (Barmosen, p. 130).Google Scholar
Tauber, H., 1973. ‘Copenhagen Radiocarbon Dates X,’ Radiocarbon, 15, pt. 1, 86112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, J. C. and Waterbolk, H. T., 1967. ‘Groningen Radiocarbon Dates VII’, Radiocarbon, 9. 107–55 (Stegerveld, p. 122).Google Scholar
Vogel, J. C. and Waterbolk, H. T., 1972. ‘Groningen Radiocarbon Dates X,’ Radiocarbon, 14, no. 1, 6110 (vide esp. pp. 58–9).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welinder, S., 1971. ‘Tidipostglacialt Mesolithicum i Skåne,’ Acta Arch. Lundensia. Ser. in 8° minore, I, (vide esp. pp. 71–8).Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C., 1974. ‘Settlement Patterns in the Irish Mesolithic’, Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 36/37, 116.Google Scholar
Wymer, J. J., Jacobi, R. M. and Rose, J., 1975. ‘Late Devensian and Early Flandrian Barbed Points from Sproughton, Suffolk,’ PPS, 41, 235–41.Google Scholar