Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:24:54.580Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bone Dice and the Scottish Iron Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2016

D. V. Clarke
Affiliation:
National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, Edinburgh

Extract

Parallelopiped bone dice form a small but important group in the bonework of the Scottish Iron Age. The overwhelming mass of this material has been produced by excavations in which the stratigraphy has not, save in exceptional circumstances, been recorded. Moreover, the large assemblages are from sites which give every indication of being multi-period, notably the brochs and wheelhouses of the Atlantic Province (the Province is defined in Piggott, 1966, 5, 4, fig. 1). This lack of meaningful cultural or chronological groups has been an open invitation to select those objects, with parallels in the supposedly better defined and dated groups to the south, in order to draw wide-ranging inferences concerning the pre-history of Scotland. Such a procedure enables the bulk of the material to be ignored as sui generis. It is not the writer's intention to produce another study of the might-have-beens of the Scottish Iron Age, but rather to present a corpus of the dice and to consider the previous interpretations in which these dice have formed part of the evidence.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alcock, L., 1963. ‘Pottery and Settlements in Wales and the March, A.D. 400–700’ in Alcock, L. and Foster, I. LL. (eds.), Culture and Environment: Essays in Honour of Sir Cyril Fox, 281302.Google Scholar
Almgren, O., 1914. Die Ältere Eisenzeit Gotlands. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Almgren, O. and Nerman, B., 1923. Die Ältere Eisenzeit Gotlands. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Anderson, J., 1883. Scotland in Pagan Times: The Iron Age. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Avery, M., Sutton, J. E. G. and Banks, J. W., 1967. ‘Rainsborough, Northants., England: Excavations, 1961–5PPS, XXXIII, 207306.Google Scholar
Beveridge, E. and Callander, J. G., 1931. ‘Excavation of an Earth-house at Foshigarry, and a fort, Dun Thomaidh, in North Uist’, PSAS, LXV, 299357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beveridge, E. and Callander, J. G., 1932. ‘Earth-houses at Garry Iochdrach and Bac Mhic Connain, in North Uist’, PSAS, LXVI, 3266.Google Scholar
Boon, G. C., 1969. ‘Belgic and Roman Silchester: the Excavations of 1954–58 with and Excursus on the Early History of Calleva’, Archaeologia, CII, 181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brønsted, J., 1940. ‘Danmarks Oldtid. III. JernalderenCopenhagen.Google Scholar
Bulleid, A. and Gray, H. St. G., 1917. The Glastonbury Lake Village. Vol. II.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G., 1935a. The Prehistory of Scotland. London.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G., 1935b. ‘Excavation of the Vitrified fort of Finavon Angus’. PSAS, LXIX, 4980.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G., 1946. Scotland before the Scots. London.Google Scholar
Craw, J. H., 1934. ‘The Age of the Brochs in the light of Recent Excavation’ in Proc. 1st Int. Cong. Prehist. and Protohist. Sci.: London.Google Scholar
Culin, S., 1907. ‘Games of the North American Indians’, 24th Ann. Rep. Bureau of Amer. Ethnology, 1809.Google Scholar
Curwen, E. C., 1937. ‘Querns’, Antiquity, XI, 133–51.Google Scholar
Déchelette, J., 1914. Manuel D'Archéologie … II. Archéologie Celtique ou Protohistorique, Paris.Google Scholar
Eggers, H. J., 1950. ‘Lübsow, ein germainscher Fürstensitz der älteren Kaiserzeit’. Praehist. Zeit., XXXIV/V, 58111.Google Scholar
Feachem, R. W., 1960. ‘The Palisaded Settlements at Harehope, Peeblesshire. Excavations, 1960’, PSAS, XCIII, 174–91.Google Scholar
Fox, G. E. and Stephenson, M., 1920. Short Guide to the Silchester Collection. Reading Museum and Art Gallery: VIth ed.Google Scholar
Graeme, A. S., 1914. ‘An Account of the Excavation of the Broch of Ayre, St. Mary's Holm, Orkney’, PSAS, XLVIII, 3151.Google Scholar
Gray, H. St G. and Cotton, M. A., 1966. The Meare Lake Village. Vol III. Taunton.Google Scholar
Hamilton, J. R. C., 1956. Excavations at Jarlshof, Shetland. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Hamilton, J. R. C., 1968. Excavations at Clickhimin, Shetland. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Hawkes, C. F. C., 1959. ‘The ABC of the British Iron Age’, Antiquity, XXXIII, 170–82.Google Scholar
Hencken, H. O'N., 1942. ‘Ballinderry crannog No. 2’, PRIA, XLVII, Sect. C, 176.Google Scholar
Hencken, H. O'N., 1951. ‘Lagore crannog: an Irish royal residence of the 7th to 10th centuries A.D.’, PRIA, LIII, Sect. C, 1247.Google Scholar
Joass, J. M., 1890. ‘The Brochs or “Pictish Towers” of Cinn-Trolla, Carn-Liath, and Craig-Carril, in Sutherland, with notes on other Northern Brochs’, Arch. Scot., V, 95130.Google Scholar
Jope, E. M. and Wilson, B. C. S., 1957. ‘A Burial Group of the First Century A.D., from “Loughey”, near Donaghadee, Co. Down’, UJA N.S., XX, 7395.Google Scholar
Kenyon, K. M., 1950. ‘Excavations at Breedon-on-the-Hill, 1946’, Trans. Leicester Arch. Soc., XXVI, 1782.Google Scholar
MacKie, E. W., 1965a. ‘Brochs and the Hebridean Iron Age’, Antiquity, XXXIX, 266–78.Google Scholar
MacKie, E. W., 1965b. ‘The Origin and Development of the Broch and Wheelhouse building cultures of the Scottish Iron Age’, PPS, XXXI, 93146.Google Scholar
MacKie, E. W., 1969a. ‘Radiocarbon Dates and the Scottish Iron Age’, Antiquity, XLIII, 1526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKie, E. W., 1969b. ‘The Historical Context of the Origin of the Brochs’, in Henshall, A. S., Mountain, M. J. and Ritchie, J. N. G. (eds.), Scottish Arch. Forum, 1969, 53–9.Google Scholar
O'Riordain, S. P., 1940. ‘Excavations at Cush, Co. Limerick’, PRIA, XLV, Sect. C, 83181.Google Scholar
Peacock, D. P. S., 1969. ‘A Contribution to the Study of Glastonbury ware from south-western Britain’, Ant. J., XLIX, 4161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piggott, C. M., 1950. ‘Excavations at Bonchester Hill, 1950PSAS, LXXXIV, 113–37.Google Scholar
Piggott, S., 1951. ‘Excavations in the Broch and Hill-fort of Torwoodlee, Selkirkshire, 1950PSAS, LXXXV, 92117.Google Scholar
Piggott, S., 1966. ‘A Scheme for the Scottish Iron Age’ in Rivet, A. L. F., (ed.), The Iron Age in Northern Britain, 115.Google Scholar
Radford, C. A. R. and Cox, J. S., 1955. ‘Cadbury Castle, South Cadbury’, Proc. Som. ANHS., 99/100, 106–13.Google Scholar
Raftery, J., 1963. ‘National Museum of Ireland, Archaeological Acquisitions in the year 1961’, JRSAI, XCIII, 115–33.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. S., 1948. The Broch of Gurness, Aikerness, West Mainland, Orkney. M.O.P.B.W pamphlet.Google Scholar
Roes, A., 1963. Bone and Antler Objects from the Frisian Terp-Mounds. Haarlem.Google Scholar
Scott, L., 1948. ‘Gallo-British Colonies. The Aisled Round-House Culture in the North’, PPS, XIV, 46125.Google Scholar
Simpson, M., 1966. Celtic Art in North Britain before 400 A.D. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis presented to the University of Edinburgh 1966.Google Scholar
Stanley, M. and Stanley, B., 1958. ‘The Defences of the Iron Age Camp at Wappenbury, Warwickshire’, Trans. Birm. A.S., 76, 19.Google Scholar
Stenberger, M. (ed.), 1955. Vallhagar: A Migration Period Settlement on Gotland, Sweden. Part II. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Stevenson, R. B. K., 1955. ‘Pins and the Chronology of Brochs’, PPS, XXI, 282–94.Google Scholar
Stevenson, R. B. K., 1966. ‘Metalwork and some other Objects in Scotland and their Cultural Affinities’, in Rivet, A. L. F., (ed.), The Iron Age in Northern Britain, 1744.Google Scholar
Strutt, J. and Hone, W., 1841. The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, London.Google Scholar
Thomas, C., 1961. ‘The Animal Art of the Scottish Iron Age and Its Origins’, Arch. J., CXVIII, 1464.Google Scholar
Traill, W., 1890. ‘Results of Excavations at the Broch of Burrian, North Ronaldsay, Orkney, during the Summers of 1870 and 1871’, Arch. Scot., V, 341–64.Google Scholar
Vouga, P., 1923. La Tène. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G. J., 1967. Coygan Camp. A Prehistoric, Romano-British and Dark Age Settlement in Carmarthenshire, Cardiff.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G. J., 1968. ‘The Excavation of a Durotrigian Farmstead near Tollard Royal in Cranborne Chase, Southern England’, PPS, XXXIV, 102–47.Google Scholar
Ward, J., 1916. ‘St Nicholas Chambered tumulus, Glamorgan. II’, Arch, Camb., 6th Ser., XVI, 239–67.Google Scholar
Wheeler, R. E. M., 1943. Maiden Castle, Dorset. London.Google Scholar
Young, A., 1956. ‘Excavations at Dun Cuier, Isle of Barra, Outer Hebrides’, PSAS, LXXXIX, 290328.Google Scholar
Young, A., 1966. ‘The Sequence of Hebridean Pottery’, in Rivet, A. L. F., (ed.), The Iron Age in Northern Britain, 4558.Google Scholar