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A Note on the Relative Chronology of the English Long Barrows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2014

Stuart Piggott
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Extract

The original draft of this paper was read at the First International Congress of Prehistoric Sciences in 1932, and a summary was printed in the ‘Proceedings of the Congress’ (p. 144). It has since been re-written and incorporates new evidence.

The English long barrows have not been dealt with as a whole since the classic paper of Dr Thurnam in 1868, but a series of regional studies, mainly the production of the archaeological department of the Ordnance Survey, have made the material available in convenient form. The publication of the Survey's complete map of British megaliths will enable many problems to be approached from the view point of distribution, but the southern English material, which is already published, raises one problem, at least, of first-class importance.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 1 , 1935 , pp. 115 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1935

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References

page 115 note 1 Thurnam, J., in Arch. XLII, 161–244 Google Scholar.

page 115 note 2 Of these the most important are: Map of Neolithic Wessex, Ordnance Survey, 1932; Trent Basin, ibid., 1933; Crawford, O. G. S., Long Barrows of the Cotswolds, 1925 Google Scholar; Curwen, E. C., Prehistoric Sussex, Phillips, C. W., Long Barrows of Lincolnshire, Arch. Journ., LXXXIX, 174–202 Google Scholar; Jessup, R. F., Archaeology of Kent.

page 115 note 3 Wessex from the Air, 11.

page 117 note 1 The map is based mainly on that of C. Fox and L. Chitty in The Personality of Britain, fig. I, but for the differentiation of the types the author is responsible, and has used the authorities quoted above as his main guides. While it is probable that the map may have errors of detail, it is claimed that the main distribution pattern is sound enough.

page 117 note 2 The writer is greatly indebted to Mr W. F. Grimes for information on certain points with regard to the Welsh megaliths.

page 117 note 3 Cunnington, M. E., An Introduction to the Archaeology of Wiltshire, 1934, 74 Google Scholar.

page 121 note 1 Arch. XLII, 195.

page 121 note 2 Report to appear shortly.

page 121 note 3 Hants. Field Club Proceedings, XII (1933) 206 Google Scholar.

page 121 note 4 The map is based on that of Dr Curwen in Prehistoric Sussex, supplemented by information supplied by Mr L. V. Grinsell.

page 122 note 1 Pull, J. H. Flint Miners of Blackpatch, 1934 Google Scholar.

page 122 note 2 Sussex Arch. Coll. LXXII, 45 Google Scholar.

page 122 note 3 The jet beads from Notgrove and Eyford (Long Barrows of the Cotswolds, 15) may be cited in this connection, while Mrs. Clifford has recently found Neolithic B ware in primary associations at the latter barrow.

page 122 note 4 Arch. Camb. 6th Series XVI, 242.

page 122 note 5 Summary in Proc. Prehist. Soc. E. Anglia., VII, 404 Google Scholar.

page 124 note 1 As yet unpublished, I am greatly indebted to Miss Newbigin for information in advance of publication.

page 124 note 2 Antiq. Journ. VII, 449.

page 125 note 1 Capel Garmon in Arch. Camb., 1927, 1–43 Google Scholar; Maen Pebyll in ibid. 1923, 143, and the long cairn on the Great Orme. ( Arch. Camb. 6S. XII (1912) 146 Google Scholar).

page 125 note 2 For southern English axes definitely identified as of Welsh origin, see e.g. Proc. Isle of Wight Arch. Soc., 1930, 36 Google Scholar; Wilts. Arch. Mag. XLIV, 246 Google Scholar (N. Wilts and Berks.); Ant. Journ. vi, 443 (near Bath); ibid. IX, 377 (Swanwick, Hants.); Sussex Arch. Coll. LXIX, 83 Google Scholar (Hurstpierpoint and East Dean); Proc. First Internal. Prehist. Congress, 1932, 137–138 Google Scholar (Windmill Hill, Avebury) Antiquity, VIII (1934), 346 Google Scholar (Kennet Avenue, Avebury). The evidence from the two latter sites shows the trade to have started in the later phases of the Neolithic and to have persisted into Beaker times.

page 125 note 3 There is some evidence of the use of long huts in the Neolithic A phase, and the structure under Kemp Howe round barrow, East Riding, Yorkshire (Mortimer, 336–337) is, in the writer's opinion, such a hut. It contained Neolithic A pottery. (Fig. 7). See also notes in Wilts. Arch. Mag. XLV, 370 Google Scholar, and Sussex Arch. Coll. LXXII, 108–109 Google Scholar.

page 125 note 4 Wilts. Arch. Mag. XXXVIII, 401 Google Scholar.

page 125 note 5 Ibid., 392.

page 126 note 1 A good example is on Gussage Cow Down and is shown on Pl. XV of Wessex from the Air.

page 126 note 2 The latest view of such relationship is that of Prof.Childe, in his Prehistory of Scotland (1935), 77 Google Scholar, in which the thesis developed in the present paper is given consideration.