Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T04:10:11.519Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Metal Arrow-heads in the European Bronze and Early Iron Ages

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2016

Roger J. Mercer
Roger J. Mercer
Affiliation:
Ministry of Public Buildings and Works, London
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The practice of Archery in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age as it survives to us in the archaeological record is difficult of interpretation owing to the low survival value of most archery equipment—the one relic of fairly high survival value being the arrow-head, of flint, bronze or iron. This paper deals with a topic little touched upon previously, and, setting aside the tradition of stone arrow-head manufacture (which persisted well into the Bronze Age in various parts of Europe) essays a treatment of the evidence for the manufacture and use of metal arrow-heads. These will be divided into three types, tanged, socketed and spurred—a threefold division which will appear to be significant not only from the purely typological point of view, but also in the more general context of prehistory.

A catalogue of all finds known to the writer in 1967 will be found at the end of the paper. While this catalogue makes no claim to be complete, it is representative enough to serve as a firm basis, and although further research may bring more examples to light, it will probably not reveal any major new concentrations of metal arrow-heads within Europe (at any rate within the framework of existing knowledge).

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 36 , December 1970 , pp. 171 - 213
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bersu, G., 1945. Das Wittnauer Horn.Google Scholar
Bénoit, F., 1965. Recherches sur L'Héllenisation du Midi de la Gaule.Google Scholar
Blance, B., 1964. ‘The Argaric Bronze Age in Iberia’, Revista de Guimaraes, LXXIV, 1.Google Scholar
Bohm, W., 1935. Die Ältere Bronzezeit in Brandenburg.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchholz, H. G., 1962. ‘Der Pfeilglätter aus dem VI Schacht-gräb von Mykene und die Hellädischen Pfeilspitzen’, Jahrb. Deutsch. Arch. Inst., LXXVII.Google Scholar
Butler, J. J., 1963. ‘Bronze Age Connections Across the North Sea’, Palaeohist, IX, 1.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G., 1929. The Danube in Prehistory.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G., 1950a. The Dawn of European Civilisation.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G., 1950b. Prehistoric Migrations in Europe.Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D., 1963. ‘Neolithic Bows from Somerset, England. A Prehistory of Archery in N. W. Europe’, PPS, XXIX, 50.Google Scholar
Coblenz, W., 1952. Gräbfunde der Mittelbronzezeit Sachsens.Google Scholar
Coles, J. M., 1962. ‘European Bronze Age Shields’, PPS, XXVIII, 156.Google Scholar
Coutil, L., 1912. ‘Etude sur les Pointes de Flèches de l'age du Bronze Munies de Barbelures a la Douille’, BSPF, IV.Google Scholar
Cowen, J. D., 1955. ‘Eine Einfuhrung in die Geschichte der Bronzenen Griffzungschwerter in sud-Deutschland und den Angrenzenden Gebieten’, Ber. Rom-Germ. Komm., XXVI, 1955, 52.Google Scholar
Cowen, J. D., 1966. ‘The origins of the Flange-hilted sword of Bronze in Continental Europe’, PPS, XXXII, 262.Google Scholar
Déchelette, J., 1910. Manuel D'Archéologie, II.Google Scholar
Désor, E., 1965. Les Palafittes, ou Constructions Lacustres du lac de Neuchâtel.Google Scholar
Durand, J. M., 1964. ‘Inventaire des objets de métal de l'age du Bronze’, Ogam, XVI, 361.Google Scholar
Faris, N. A. and Elmer, R. P., 1945. Arab Archery.Google Scholar
Faudel, and Bleicher, , 1885. Matériaux pour une étude préhistorique de L'Alsace.Google Scholar
Feuster, R., 1958. Bronzezeitliche Hügelgräberkultur im Gebiet von Schwarza (Sudthüringen).Google Scholar
Flinders-Petrie, W. M., 1917. Tools and Weapons.Google Scholar
Gallus, S. and Horváth, T., 1939. Un peuple Cavalier Préscythique en Hongrie.Google Scholar
Geinitz, H. B., 1876. Die Urnenfelder von Stremlen und Grossenhain.Google Scholar
George, J. and Chauvet, G., 1895. Cachette d'objets en Bronze.Google Scholar
Gimbutas, M., 1965. Bronze Age Cultures in Central and Eastern Europe.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimes, W. F., 1939. Guide to the Collection Illustrating the Prehistory of Wales.Google Scholar
Guildhall, . Cat. Coll. of Guildhall Museum (1903).Google Scholar
Hachmann, R., 1957. Frühe Bronzezeit im Westlichen Ostseegebiet.Google Scholar
Hampel, J., 1890. Bronzezeit in Ungarn.Google Scholar
Hedinger, A., 1903. Heue Keltische Ausgrabungen aufder Schwabischen Alb 1900–1901.Google Scholar
Hencken, H., 1956. ‘Carps Tongue Swords in Spain, France and Italy’, Zephyrus, VII, 123.Google Scholar
Jannoray, J., 1955. Ensérune.Google Scholar
Joffroy, R., 1960. L'oppidum de VIX et la Civilisation Hallstattienne Finale dans l'est de la France.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, H., 1959. Die Vorgeschichtliche Besiedling des Orlagaues.Google Scholar
Keller, F., 1878. The Lake Dwellings of Switzerland and other parts of Europe.Google Scholar
Kendrick, T. D., 1928. The Archaeology of the Channel Islands, Vol. I.Google Scholar
Kimmig, W., 1940. Die Urnenfelderkultur in Baden Untersucht auf grund der Graberfunde (R. G. K. Forsch., XIV).Google Scholar
Kleeman, O., 1954. ‘Die Dreiflugeligen Pfeilspitzen in Frankreich’, Abhandl Akad. Wissensch. u. Lit. Mainz, IV, 89.Google Scholar
Kossack, G., 1959. Sudbayern Wahrend der Hallstattzeit (R. G. K. Forsch, XXIV).Google Scholar
Laet, De S. J. and Glasbergen, W., 1959. De Voorgeschiendenis der Lage Landen.Google Scholar
Lorimer, H. L., 1950. Homer and the Monuments.Google Scholar
Louis, M. and Taffanel, O. et Taffanel, J., 1955–1960. Le Premier Age du Fer Languedocien, I, (1955); II, (1958); III, (1960).Google Scholar
Marien, M. E., 1964. Découvertes à la Grotte de Han.Google Scholar
von Merhart, G., 1940. ‘Zu den ersten Metallhelmen Europas’, B.R.G.K., XXX, 4.Google Scholar
Millotte, J. P., 1963. Le Jura et les Plaines de Saone aux Ages des Métaux.Google Scholar
Millotte, J. P., 1965. Carte Archéologique de la Lorraine (Age du Bronze et du Fer).Google Scholar
Montelius, O., 1895. La Civilisation Primitive en Italie.Google Scholar
de Mortillet, G. A., 1903. Musée Préhistorique.Google Scholar
de Motes, M., 1954. El Yacimiento Hallstattico de Cortes de Navarra.Google Scholar
Müller-Karpe, H., 1959. Beitrage zur Chronologie der Urnenfelderzeit Nordlich und Sudlich der Alpen (R. G. K. Forsch, XXII).Google Scholar
Müller-Karpe, H., 1961. Die Vollgriffschwerter der Urnenfelder zeit aus Bayern.Google Scholar
Munro, R., 1890. The Lake Dwellings of Europe.Google Scholar
Munro, R., 1903. Les Stations Lacustres d'Europe.Google Scholar
Myres, J. L., 1937. ‘The Sigynnae of Herodotus’, Anthropological Essays presented to Edward Burnett Tylor, 225–76.Google Scholar
Naue, J., 1894. Die Bronzezeit in Oberbayern.Google Scholar
De Navarro, J. M., 1928. ‘Massilia and Early Celtic Culture’, Antiquity, II, 423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du Noyer, G., 1850. ‘Remarks on the classification of Bronze Arrow-heads’, Arch. J., VII, 281.Google Scholar
Piggott, S., 1965. Ancient Europe.Google Scholar
Pittioni, R., 1954. Urgeschichte des Österreichischen Raumes.Google Scholar
Richthofen, B., 1926. Die Ältere Bronzezeit in Schlesien.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riek, G. and Hundt, H., 1962. Der Hohmichele—Heuneburgstudien I. (R. G. K. Forsch, XXV).Google Scholar
Säflund, G., 1939. Le Terremare.Google Scholar
Sandars, N. K., 1957. Bronze Age Cultures in Frnace.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, F. A., 1926. Les Tertres Funéraires Préhistoriques dans la Forêt de Haguenau.Google Scholar
Siret, H. L., 1887. Premiers Ages du Métal dans le sud-est de L'Éspagne.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A., 1964. Early Greek Armour and Weapons.Google Scholar
Soutou, A., 1958. ‘Les Pointes de Flèches en Tôle de Bronze (Type le Bourget) du Midi de la France’ BSPF, LV, 711.Google Scholar
Soutou, A., 1962. ‘Les Pointes de Flèches en Tôle de Bronze du Type “Le Bourget”’, BSPF, LIX, 186.Google Scholar
Sulimirski, T., 1961. ‘Die Skythen in Mittel—und West-Europa’, Bericht V Internat. Kong. vor-und Fruhgeschichte, Hamburg 1958, 793.Google Scholar
Thråne, H., 1963. ‘The Earliest Bronze Cheekpieces in Central and Northern Europe’, Aarboger, 50.Google Scholar
Torbrügge, W., 1959. Die Bronzezeit in der Oberpfalz.Google Scholar
Trump, D., 1966. Central and Southern Italy.Google Scholar
Tschumi, O., 1953. Urgeschichte des Kantons Berns.Google Scholar
Von Miske, K. F., 1908. Die Prähistoriche Ansiedelung Velem St. Vid. Google Scholar
Wagner, K. H., 1943. Nordtiroler Urnenfelder. (R. G. K. Forsch, XV).Google Scholar
Wilde, W. R., 1861. Catalogue of Antiquities … in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy.Google Scholar
Willvonseder, K., 1937. Die Mittlere Bronzezeit in Österreich.Google Scholar
Zumstein, H., 1966. L'Age du Bronze dans le Départment du Haut-Rhin.Google Scholar