Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T15:39:57.175Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Jade axes from Scotland: a comment on the distribution and supplementary notes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

Jane Murray*
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ

Abstract

Spatial separation between the English and Scottish distributions of jade axes gives validity to the latter as a discrete entity, the characteristics of which are examined. The majority of Scottish finds are large, thin, highly polished axeheads, unmatched in continental Europe, for which no datable contexts can be found. Distribution of these ceremonial axes is dispersed widely across Scotland south-east of the Great Glen, with little display of cultural exclusivity. Details of circumstances of recovery are reviewed, confirming the prevalence of deliberate deposition in both funerary and watery contexts.

Notes are appended additional to the Catalogue and Supplements of Jade Axes published by Campbell Smith (1963; 1965; 1972) and by Jones et al. (1977).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anderson, R. S. G. 1930. Miscellaneous relics found in Wigtownshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 64, 294300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barclay, G. J. & Maxwell, G.S. 1991. Excavation of a Neolithic long mortuary enclosure within the Roman legionary fortress at Inchtuthil, Perthshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 121, 2744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, C., Woolley, A., Kinnes, I. & Harrison, R. 1977. Jadeite axes in Europe and the British Isles: an interim study. Archaeologia Atlantica 2, 18.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. 1987. Stages in the chronological development of hoards and votive deposits. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 53, 351362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, J. 1855. Discovery of ancient canoes on the Clyde. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1, 4445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, J. 1870 Address to the Glasgow Archaeological Society, Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society 2, 6677.Google Scholar
Coles, J., Orme, B., Bishop, A. C. & Woolley, A. R. 1974. A jade axe from the Somerset Levels. Antiquity 48, 216220.Google Scholar
Davidson, J. M. & Henshall, A. S. 1983. A Neolithic chambered long cairn at Edinchip, Perthshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 113, 3539.Google Scholar
DES, Discovery and Excavation in Scotland. The Council for Scottish Archaeology (formerly the Council for British Archaeology in Scotland) annual report.Google Scholar
Donnachie, I. L. & Macleod, I. 1974. Old Galloway. Newton Abbot: David and Charles.Google Scholar
SirEvans, J. 1897. The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain, London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Fell, C. I. 1964. The Cumbrian type of polished stone axe and its distribution in Britain. Proceedings of Prehistoric Society 30, 3955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourlay, R., & Barrett, J. 1984. Dail na Caraidh Current Archaeology 94, 347349.Google Scholar
Jones, V., Bishop, A. C. and Woolley, A. R. 1977. Third Supplement to the catalogue of jade axes from sites in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 43, 287293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muckleroy, K. 1980. Two bronze age cargoes in British waters. Antiquity 54, 100109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, J. forthcoming. The Role of Monuments in the Neolithic of the South of Scotland. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Piggott, S. & Powell, T. G. E. 1949. The excavation of three neolithic chambered tombs in Galloway. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 83, 103161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RCAHMS 1956: The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. An Inventory of the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Roxburghshire 2 vols. HMSO Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Ricq-de-Bouard, M. 1993. Trade in neolithic jadeite axes from the Alps: new data. In Scarre, C., and Healy, F. (eds.) Trade and Exchange in Prehistoric Europe, 6167. Oxford: Oxbow Monograph 33.Google Scholar
Ritchie, P. R. 1987. Current research on Scottish stone axes. Scottish Archaeological Gazette 14, 814.Google Scholar
Ritchie, P. R. 1992. Stone axeheads and cushion maceheads from Orkney and Shetland: some similarities and contrasts. In Sharpies, N. & Sheridan, A. (eds.), Vessels for the Ancestors, 213220. Edinburgh: University Press.Google Scholar
Sharples, N. & Sheridan, A. (eds.). 1992. Vessels for the Ancestors. Edinburgh: University Press.Google Scholar
Sheridan, J. A. 1992. Scottish stone axeheads: some new work and recent discoveries. In Sharpies, N. & Sheridan, A. (eds.). Vessels for the Ancestors, 194212. Edinburgh: University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, W. C. 1963. Jade axes from sites in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 29, 135172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, W. C. 1965. The distribution of jade axes in Europe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 31, 2533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, W. C. 1972. Second supplement to the catalogue of jadeite axes from sites in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 38, 408416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavener, N. 1987. Bannockburn: the pit and post alignments. Central Excavation Unit and Ancient Monuments Laboratory Annual Report, 7176.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. 1991. Rethinking the Neolithic Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, J. 1970. Neolithic axes in Dumfries and Galloway. Transactions of the Dumfries and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society 47, 111122.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. 1851. The Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland. Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox.Google Scholar
Woolley, A. R., Bishop, A. C., Harrison, R.J. & Kinnes, I. A. 1979. European Neolithic jade implements: a preliminary mineralogical and typological study. In Clough, T. H. McK., & Cummins, W. A., (eds.) Stone Axe Studies: Archaeological, Petrological, Experimental and Ethnographic, 9096. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 23.Google Scholar