Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T17:04:25.726Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Recent advances in the physiology of eating

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2007

Stephen French  and
Kate Castiglione
Stephen French*
Affiliation:
Masterfoods (a division of Mars UK Ltd), Dundee Road, Slough SL1 4JX, UK
Kate Castiglione
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Nutrition, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Stephen French, fax +44 1753 514499, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Since the discovery of the protein product of the ob/ob gene, leptin, knowledge of the neurochemical pathways involved in the regulation of feeding has increased enormously. Our understanding of the mechanisms regulating food intake in man has also progressed greatly over a similar time span. Previous research into the regulation of food intake has largely proceeded through a reductionist approach, defining ever-smaller components of these mechanisms. This research strategy has been very productive and instructive, and has yielded a great deal of information on the specific putative components linking energy status and food intake. However, to fully understand the regulation of feeding it is important that these components are systematically reconstructed to investigate relevant interactions. In the present review recent data relating to interactions between systems proposed to be involved in feeding regulation will be highlighted. The review will be directed predominantly (but not exclusively) towards the regulation of human feeding.

Keywords

Feeding behaviourPhysiology of eatingMan
Type
Meeting Report
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 61 , Issue 4 , November 2002 , pp. 489 - 496
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Anand, BK & Brobeck, JR (1951) Hypothalamic control of food intake in rats and cats. Yale Journal of Biological Medicine 24, 123–140.Google Scholar
Andrews, JM, Rayner, CK, Doran, S, Hebbard, GS & Horowitz, M (1998) Physiological changes in blood glucose affect appetite and pyloric motility during intraduodenal lipid infusion. American Journal of Physiology 275, G797-G804.Google ScholarPubMed
Baskin, DG, Breininger, JF, Bonigut, S & Miller, MA (1999a) Leptin binding in the arcuate nucleus is increased during fasting. Brain Research 828, 154–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, DG, Figlewicz, DP, Latterman, D, Seeley, RJ, Woods, SC, Porte, D Jr & Schwartz, MC (1999b) Insulin and leptin: dual adiposity signals to the brain for the regulation of food intake and body weight. Brain Research 848, 114–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, B (2000) Neuropeptides and obesity. Nutrition 16, 916–923.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campfield, LA & Smith, FJ (1986) Functional coupling between transient declines in blood glucose and feeding behavior: temporal relationships. Brain Research Bulletin 17, 427–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campfield, LA, Smith, FJ, Rosenbaum, M & Hirsch, J (1996) Human eating: evidence for a physiological basis using a modified paradigm. Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews 20, 133–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castiglione, KE, Read, NW & French, SJ (1998) Food intake responses to upper gastrointestinal lipid infusions in humans. Physiology and Behavior 64, 141–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castiglione, KE, Read, NW & French, SJ (2002) Adaptation to high-fat diet accelerates emptying of fat but not carbohydrate test meals in humans. American Journal of Physiology 282, R366-R371.Google Scholar
Corp, ES, Conze, DB, Smith, F & Campfield, LA (1996) Regional localization of specific {I-125} leptin binding sites in the rat forebrain. Brain Research 789, 40–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Covasa, M & Ritter, RC (1998) Rats maintained on high-fat diets exhibit reduced satiety in response to CCK and bombesin. Peptides 19, 1407–1415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Covasa, M. & Ritter, RC (1999) Reduced sensitivity to the satiation effect of intestinal oleate in rats adapted to a high fat diet. American Journal of Physiology 277, R279-R285.Google Scholar
Covasa, M & Ritter, RC (2000) Adaptation to a high-fat diet reduces inhibition of gastric emptying by CCK and intestinal oleate. American Journal of Physiology 278, R166-R170.Google ScholarPubMed
Cunningham, K, Daly, J, Horowitz, M & Read, NW (1991) Gastrointestinal adaptation to diets of differing fat composition in human volunteers. Gut 32, 483–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, JD (1989) The microstructure of ingestive behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 575, 106–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Castro, JM (2000) Eating behavior: lessons from the real world of humans. Nutrition 16, 800–813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Degen, L, Matzinger, D, Drewe, J & Beglinger, C (2001) The effect of cholecystokinin in controlling appetite and food intake in humans. Peptides 22, 1265–1269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eaton, S (2002) Control of mitochondrial b-oxidation flux. Progress in Lipid Research 41, 197–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farooqi, IS, Jebb, SA, Langmack, G, Lawrence, E, Cheetham, CH, Prentice, AM, Hughes, IA, McCamish, MA & O'Rahilly, S (1999) Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine 341, 913–915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feinle, C, Grundy, D & Read, NW (1997) Effects of duodenal nutrients on sensory and motor responses of the human stomach to distension. American Journal of Physiology 273, G721-G726.Google ScholarPubMed
Figlewicz, DP, Sipols, AJ, Seeley, RJ, Chavez, M, Woods, SC & Porte, D Jr (1995) Intraventricular insulin enhances the meal-suppressive efficacy of intraventricular cholecystokinin octapeptide in the baboon. Behavioral Neuroscience 109, 565–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Francis, J, Castiglione, KE & French, SJ (1997) Techniques for gastric distension in humans. In Ingestive Behavior Protocols, pp. 87–92 [Wellman, PJ and Hoebel, B, editors]. New York: SSIB.Google Scholar
Frayn, KN, Coppack, SW & Humphreys, SM (1993) Subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism studied by local catheterization. International Journal of Obesity 17,Suppl. 3, S18-S21.Google ScholarPubMed
Friedman, MI (1997) An energy sensor for control of energy intake. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 56, 41–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
French, SJ, Castiglione, KE & Francis, J (1997) Techniques for intestinal nutrient infusion in humans. In Ingestive Behaviour Protocols, pp. 81–86. [Wellman, PJ and Hoebel, B, editors]. New York: SSIB.Google Scholar
French, SJ, Conlon, CA, Mutuma, ST, Arnold, M, Read, NW, Meijer, G & Francis, J (2000) The effects of intestinal infusion of long-chain fatty acids on food intake in humans. Gastroenterology 119, 943–948.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
French SJ. Murray, B, Rumsey, RDE, Fadzlin, R & Read, NW (1995) Adaptation to high-fat diets: effects on eating behaviour and plasma cholecystokinin. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 179–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geliebter, A (1988) Gastric distension and gastric capacity in relation to food intake in humans. Physiology and Behavior 44, 665–668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geliebter, A & Hashim, SA (2001) Gastric capacity in normal, obese, and bulimic women. Physiology and Behavior 74, 743–746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geliebter, A, Melton, PM, Gage, D, McCray, RS & Hashim, SA (1992) Gastric capacity, gastric emptying, and test meal intake in normal and bulimic women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 656–661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geliebter, A, Schachter, S, Lohmann-Walter, C, Feldman, H & Hashim, SA (1996) Reduced stomach capacity in obese subjects after dieting. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 170–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Granstrom, L & Backman, L (1985) Stomach distension in extremely obese and in normal subjects. Acta Chirugica Scandinavica 151, 367–370.Google ScholarPubMed
Holst, JJ (1994) Glucagon like peptide 1: a newly discovered gastrointestinal hormone. Gastroenterology 107, 1848–1855.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jequier, E & Tappy, L (1999) Regulation of body weight in humans. Physiological Reviews 79, 451–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahler, A, Zimmermann, M & Langhans, W (1999) Suppression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and food intake in men. Nutrition 15, 819–828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaiyala, KJ, Woods, SC & Schartz, MW (1995) New model for the regulation of energy balance and adiposity by the central nervous system. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 1123s–1134s.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalant, D, Phélis, S, Fielding, BA, Frayn, KN, Cianflone, K & Sniderman, AD (2000) Increased postprandial fatty acid trapping in subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese women. Journal of Lipid Research 41, 1963–1968.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kissileff, HR, Klingsberg, G & Van, Itallie TB (1980) Universal eating monitor for continuous recording of solid or liquid consumption in man. American Journal of Physiology 238, R14-R22.Google ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, EM, Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, de Vries, M, Brouns, F & Saris, WH (2001a) Effects of 2-week ingestion of (-)-hydroxycitrate and (-)-hydroxycitrate combined with medium-chain triglycerides on satiety and food intake. Physiology and Behavior 74, 543–549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovacs, EM, Westerterp-Plantenga, MS & Saris, WH (2001b) The effects of 2-week ingestion of (-)-hydroxycitrate and (-)-hydroxycitrate combined with medium-chain triglycerides on satiety, fat oxidation, energy expenditure and body weight. International Journal of Obesity 25, 1087-1094.Google Scholar
Lam, WF, Gielkens, HAJ, de Boer, SY, Lamers, CBHW & Masclee, AAM (1998) Influence of hyperglycemia on the satiating effect of CCK in humans. Physiology and Behavior 65, 505–511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langhans, W (1996) Metabolic and glucostatic control of feeding. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 55, 497–515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lavin, JH, Palikaridis, D, Read, NW & French, SJ (1997) The effect of carbohydrate utilisation during high intensity exercise on eating behaviour. Appetite 29, 402Abstr.Google Scholar
Lawton, CL, Delargy, HJ, Brockman, J, Smith, FC & Blundell, JE. (2000) The degree of saturation of fatty acids influences post-ingestive satiety. British Journal of Nutrition 83, 473–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leonhardt, M, Hrupka, B & Langhans, W (2001) Effect of hydroxycitrate on food intake and body weight regain after a period of restrictive feeding in male rats. Physiology and Behavior 74, 191–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlin, J, Grazia Luca, M, Jones, MN, D'Amato, M, Dockray, GJ & Thompson, DG (1999) Fatty acid chain length determines cholecystokinin secretion and effect on human gastric motility. Gastroenterology 116, 46–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matson, CA, Reid, DF, Cannon, TA & Ritter, RC (2000) Cholecystokinin and leptin act synergistically to reduce body weight. American Journal of Physiology 278, R882-R890.Google ScholarPubMed
Matson, CA, Wiater, MF, Kuijper, JL & Weigle, DS (1997) Synergy between leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) to control daily caloric intake. Peptides 18, 1275–1278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matson, CA & Ritter, RC (1999) Long-term CCK-leptin synergy suggests a role for CCK in the regulation of body weight. American Journal of Physiology 276, R1038-R1045.Google ScholarPubMed
Mattes, RD & Bormann, L (2000) Effects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid on appetitive variables. Physiology and Behavior 71, 87–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melanson, KJ, Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, Saris, WHM, Smith, FJ & Campfield, LA (1999) Blood glucose patterns and appetite in time-blinded humans: carbohydrate versus fat. American Journal of Physiology 46, R337-R345.Google Scholar
Moran, TH (2000) Cholecystokinin and satiety: current perspectives. Nutrition 16, 858–865.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oster-Jorgensen, E, Qvist, N, Pedersen, SA, Rasmussen, L & Hovendal, CP (1992) The influence of induced hyperglycaemia on the characteristics of intestinal motility and bile kinetics in healthy men. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 27, 285–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plata-Salaman, CR (2000) Ingestive behavior and obesity. Nutrition 16, 797–799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reidy, CA, Chavez, M, Figlewicz, DP & Woods, SC (1995) Central insulin enhances sensitivity to cholecystokinin. Physiology and Behavior 58, 755–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, TM, French, SJ, Lee, MD, Gray, RW & Yeomans, MR (2001) Effects of test meal palatability on responses to intragastric nutrient preloads. Appetite 37, 159Abstr.Google Scholar
Rolls, BJ, Gnizak, N, Summerfelt, A & Laster, LJ (1988) Food intake in dieters and nondieters after a liquid meal containing medium-chain triglycerides. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 66–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russek, M (1963) An hypothesis on the participation of hepatic glucoreceptors in the control of food intake. Nature 197, 79–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russek, M (1970) Demonstration of the influence of an hepatic glucose-sensitive mechanism on food intake. Physiology and Behavior 5, 1207–1209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schvarcz, E, Palmer, M, Aman, J & Berne, C (1995) Hypoglycemia increases the gastric emptying rate in healthy subjects. Diabetes Care 18, 674–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shvarcz, E, Palmer, M, Aman, J, Horowitz, M, Stridsberg, M & Berne, C (1997) Physiological hyperglycemia slows gastric emptying in normal subjects and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology 113, 60–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schvarcz, E, Palmer, M, Aman, J, Lindkvist, B & Beckman, KW (1993) Hypoglycaemia increases the gastric emptying rate in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine 10, 660–663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, MW, Figlewicz, DP, Baskin, DG, Woods, DC & Porte, D Jr (1994) Insulin and the central regulation of energy balance. Endocrine Reviews 2, 109–113.Google Scholar
Schwartz, MW, Sipols, AJ, Grubin, CE & Baskin, DG (1993) Differential effect of fasting on hypothalamic expression of genes encoding neuropeptide Y, galanin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase. Brain Research Bulletin 31, 361–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, MW, Sipols, AJ, Marks, JL, Sanacora, G, White, JD, Scheurink, A et al. (1992) Inhibition of hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression by insulin. Endocrinology 130, 3608–3616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, MW, Woods, SC, Porte, D Jr, Seeley, RJ & Baskin, DG (2000) Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature 404, 661–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shulman, RG & Rothman, DL (2001) 13C NMR of intermediary metabolism: implications for systemic physiology. Annual Review of Physiology 63, 15–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, FJ & Campfield, LA (1993) Meal initiation occurs after experimental induction of transient declines in blood glucose. American Journal of Physiology 265, R1423-R1429.Google ScholarPubMed
Stephens, TW, Basinski, M, Bristow, PK, Bue-Valleskey, JM, Burgett, SG, Craft, L et al. (1995) The role of neuropeptide Y in the anti-obesity action of the obese gene product. Nature 377, 530–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, RJ & Harbron, CG (1996) Covert manipulation of the ratio of medium- to long-chain triglycerides in isoenergetically dense diets: effect on food intake in ad libitum feeding men. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 20, 435–444.Google ScholarPubMed
Watson, JA, Fang, M & Lowenstein, JM (1969) Tricarballylate and hydroxycitrate: Substrate and inhibitors of ATP:citrate oxaloacetate lyase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 135, 209–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeomans, MR (1998) Taste, palatability and the control of appetite. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 57, 609–615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeomans, MR, Lee, MD, Gray, RW & French, SJ (2001) Effects of test-meal palatability on compensatory eating following disguised fat and carbohydrate preloads. International Journal of Obesity 25, 1215–1224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zarjevski, N, Cusin, I, Vettor, R, Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F & Jenrenaud, B (1993) Chronic intracerebroventricular neuropeptide-Y administration to normal rats mimics hormonal and metabolic changes of obesity. Endocrinology 133, 1753–1758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed