Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:51:23.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The nutritional demands of very prolonged exercise in man

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Stroud Mike*
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Nutrition, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr M. Stroud, fax +44 (0)1703 796317
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Meeting Report
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

References

Bergstrom, J, Hermansen, L, Hultman, E & Saltin, B (1967) Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 71, 140180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brouns, F, Saris, WHM, Stroeken, J, Beckers, E, Thijssen, R, Echrer, NJ & Ten hoor, F (1989) Eating, drinking and cycling. A controlled Tour de France simulation study. Part II. Effect of diet manipulation. International Journal of Sports Nutrition 10, S41S48.Google Scholar
Coggan, AR & Coyle, EF (1987) Reversal of fatigue during physical performance by carbohydrate infusion or ingestion. Journal of Applied Physiology 65, 17031709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coward, WA & Cole, TJ (1991) The doubly-labelled water method for the measurement of energy expenditure in humans: risks and benefits. In New Techniques in Nutritional Research. Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson Nutrition Symposia Series vol. 9, pp. 139176 [Whitehead, RG and Prentice, A, editors]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Davies, CTM & Thompson, D (1979) Aerobic performance of female marathon and male ultra marathon athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology 41, 223245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eden, BD & Abemethy, PJ (1994) Nutritional intake during an ultra endurance running race. International Journal of Sports Nutrition 4, 166174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes-ewan, CH, Morrisey, BLL, Gregg, GC & Waters, DR (1989) Use of the doubly labelled water technique in soldiers training for jungle warfare Journal of Applied Physiology 67, 1418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gabel, KA, Aldous, A & Edgington, C (1995) Dietary intake of two elite male cyclists during 10-day, 2050 mile ride. International Journal of Sports Nutrition 5, 5661.Google Scholar
Givoni, B & Goldman, RF (1971) Predicting metabolic energy cost. Journal of Applied Physiology 30, 429471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammond, AR & Diamond, J (1997) Maximal sustained energy budgets in humans and animals. Nature 386, 457462. Holloszy JO (1981) Enzymatic adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise. Current Problems in Clinical Biochemistry 11, 118121.Google Scholar
Hoyt, RW, Jones, TE, Stein, TP, Mcaninch, GW, Lieberman, HR, Askew, EW & Cymerman, A (1991) Doubly labelled water measurement of human energy expenditure during strenuous exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 71, 1622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeevanandam, M, Peterson, SR & Shamos, RF (1986) Protein and glucose fuel kinetics and hormonal changes in elderly and trauma patients. Metabolism 42, 12551262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, PH, Jacobs, I, Morris, A & Ducharme, MB (1993) Adequacy of food rations in soldiers during an arctic exercise measured by doubly labelled water. Journal of Applied Physiology 75, 1790– 1797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsson, J & Saltin, B (1971) Diet, muscle glycogen and endurance performance. Journal of Applied Physiology 31, 203206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambert, HV, Speechly, DP, Dennis, SC & Noakes, TD (1994) Enhanced endurance in trained cyclists during moderate intensity exercise following 2 weeks adaptation to a high fat diet. European Journal of Applied Physiology 69, 287293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemon, WR (1991) Does exercise alter dietary protein requirements? In Advances in Nutrition and Top Sport, vol. 32, pp. 1537 [Brouns, F, Saris, WHM and Newsholme, EA, editors]. Basel: Krager.Google Scholar
Maclean, DA, Graham, TE & Spriet, LL (1989) Carbohydrate supply and amino acid and ammonia metabolism during prolonged exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 21, Suppl. 2, S106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millward, DJ, Botwell, JL, Pacy, P & Rennie, MJ (1994) Physical activity, protein metabolism and protein requirements. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 53, 223240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munro, HN (1951) Carbohydrate and fat as factors in protein utilization and metabolism. Physiological Reviews 31, 449488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muoio, DM, Leddy, JJ, Horvath, PJ, Awad, AB & Pendergast, DR (1994) Effect of dietary fat on metabolic adjustments to maxima VO2 and endurance in runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26, 8188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nieman, DC, Carlson, KA, Brandstater, ME, Naegale, RT & Blankenship, JW (1987) Running endurance in 27-hour fasted humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 63, 25022509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noakes, TD (1992) The hyponatraemia of exercise. International Journal of Sports Nutrition 2, 205228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paul, GL (1989) Dietary protein requirements of physically active individuals. Sports Medicine 8, 154176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phinney, SD, Bistrian, BR, Evans, WJ, Gervono, E & Blackburn, GL (1983) The human metabolic response to chronic ketosis without caloric restriction: preservation of submaximal exercise capability with reduced carbohydrate oxidation. Metabolism 32, 769776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoeller, DA (1983) Energy expenditure from doubly-labelled water: some fundamental considerations in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 9991005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sjodin, AM, Anderson, AB, Hogberg, JM & Westerterp, KR (1994) Energy balance in cross-country skiers: a study using doubly labelled water. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26, 720724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroud, MA (1987) Nutrition and energy balance on the ‘Footsteps of Scott’ expedition 1984–86. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 41A, 426433.Google Scholar
Stroud, MA (1997) Thermoregulation, exercise, and nutrition in the cold. In Physiology, Stress and Malnutrition: Functional Correlates, Nutritional Intervention [Kinney, JM and Tucker, HN, editors]. New York: Lipincott-Raven.Google Scholar
Stroud, MA, Coward, WA & Sawyer, MB (1993) Measurements of energy expenditure using isotope-labelled water (2H2l 18O) during an Arctic expedition. European Journal of Applied Physiology 67, 375379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroud, MA, Jackson, AA & Waterlow, JC (1996) Protein turnover rates of two human subjects during an unassisted crossing of Antarctica. British Journal of Nutrition 76, 165174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stroud, MA, Ritz, P, Coward, WA, Sawyer, M, Constantin-teodosiu, D, Greenhaff, PL & Macdonald, IA (1997) Energy expenditure using isotope-labelled water (2H2 18O), exercise performance, skeletal muscle enzyme activities and plasma biochemical parameters in man during 95days endurance exercise with inadequate energy intake. European Journal of Applied Physiology 76, 243252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarnopolsky, MA, Macdougall, JD & Atkinson, SA (1988) Influence of protein intake and training status on nitrogen balance and lean body mass. Journal of Applied Physiology 64, 187193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomkins, AM, Garlick, PJ, Schofield, WN & Waterlow, JC (1983) The combined effects of infection and malnutrition on protein metabolism in children. Clinical Science 65, 313– 324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsintzas, OK, Williams, C, Singh, R, Wilson, W & Burrin, J (1995) Influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks on running performance. Journal of Applied Physiology 70, 154160.Google ScholarPubMed
Waterlow, JC (1992) Protein-energy Malnutrition, p. 93. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Westerterp, KR, Saris, WHM, van es, M & Ten hoor, F (1986) Use of the doubly labelled water technique in humans during heavy sustained exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 61, 2162– 2167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wibom, R, Hultman, E, Johansen, M, Matherei, K, Constantinteodosiu, D & Schantz, PG (1992) Adaptation of mitochondrial ATP production in human skeletal muscle to endurance training and detraining. Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 20042010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, ES, Ward, MP, Milledge, JS, Withey, WR, Older, MJW & Forsling, ML (1979) The effect of exercise of seven consecutive days hill walking on fluid homeostasis. Clinical Science 56, 305316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed