Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:31:55.351Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Modulation of immune function by dietary fatty acids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2007

Elizabeth A. Miles
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
Philip C. Calder*
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Philip Calder, fax: 01703 594383, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Meeting Report
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

References

Ailhaud, G, Amri, E-Z & Grimaldi, P-A (1995) Fatty acids and adipose cell differentiation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 48, 113115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, NJ & Smythe, NL (1988) Dietary modulation of in vitro lymphocyte function. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 32, 192199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, MV & Sargent, JR (1987) Effects of the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol on the in vitro activity of protein kinase C from rat spleen: influences of (n-3) and (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 86B, 227232.Google Scholar
Berger, A, German, JB, Chiang, BL, Ansari, AA, Keen, CL, Fletcher, MP & Gershwin, MR (1993) Influence of feeding unsaturated fats on growth and immune status of mice. Journal of Nutrition 123, 225233.Google ScholarPubMed
Berthou, L, Saladin, R, Yaqoob, P, Branellec, D, Calder, P, Fruchart, J-C, Denefle, P, Auwerx, J & Staels, B (1995) Regulation of rat liver apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-II and acyl CoA oxidase gene expression by fibrates and dietary fatty acids. European Journal of Biochemistry 232, 179187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Billiar, T, Bankey, P, Svingen, B, Curran, RD, West, MA, Holman, RT, Simmons, RL & Cerra, FB (1988) Fatty acid uptake and Kupffer cell function: fish oil alters eicosanoid and monokine production to endotoxin stimulation. Surgery 104, 343349.Google Scholar
Black, JM & Kinsella, JE (1993) Dietary n-3 fatty acids alter mouse peritonea1 macrophage cytotoxicity. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 37, 110120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blok, WL, Katan, MB & van der Meer, JWM (1996) Modulation of inflammation and cytokine production by dietary (n-3) fatty acids. Journal of Nutrition 126, 15151533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blok, WL, Vogels, MT, Curfs, JH, Eling, WM, Buurman, WA & van der Meer, JWM (1992) Dietary fish oil supplementation in experimental gram-negative infection and in cerebral malaria in mice. Journal of Infectious Diseases 165, 898903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boutard, V, Fouquery, B, Philippe, C, Perez, J & Baud, L (1994) Fish oil supplementation and essential fatty acid deficiency reduce nitric oxide synthesis by rat macrophages. Kidney International 46, 12001286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braissant, O, Foufelle, F, Scotto, C, Dauca, M & Wahli, W (1996) Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-α, -β, and -7 in the adult rat. Endocrinology 137, 354366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breittmayer, J-P, Pelassy, C, Cousin, J-L, Bernard, A & Aussel, C (1993) The inhibition by fatty acids of receptor-mediated calcium movements in Jurkat T-cells is due to increased calcium extrusion. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 2081220817.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC (1995) Fatty acids, dietary lipids and lymphocyte functions. Biochemical Society Transactions 23, 302309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC (1996 a) Can n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids be used as immunomodulatory agents? Biochemical Society Transactions 24, 211220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC (1996 b) Effects of fatty acids and dietary lipids on cells of the immune system. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 55, 127150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC (1996 c) Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 55, 737774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC (1997) n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cytokine production in health and disease. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 41, 203234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC (1998) Dietary fatty acids and the immune system. Nutrition Reviews 41, 203234.Google Scholar
Calder, PC, Bond, JA, Harvey, DJ, Cordon, S & Newsholme, EA (1990) Uptake of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids into macrophage lipids and their effect upon macrophage adhesion and phagocytosis. Biochemical Journal 269, 807814.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC & Yaqoob, P (1997) n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and the immune system. Recent Research Developments in Lipids Research 1, 3161.Google Scholar
Cathcart, ES, Leslie, CA, Meydani, SN & Hayes, KC (1987) A fish oil diet retards experimental amyloidosis, modulates lymphocyte function and decreases macrophage arachidonate metabolism in mice. Journal of Immunology 139, 18501854.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caughey, GE, Mantzioris, E, Gibson, RA, Cleland, LG & James, MJ (1996) The effect on human tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin 1β production of diets enriched in n-3 fatty acids from vegetable oil or fish oil. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 116122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaet, MS, Garcia, VF, Arya, G, Ziegler, MM (1994) Dietary fish oil enhances macrophage production of nitric oxide. Journal of Surgical Research 57, 6568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chandrasekar, B & Fernandes, G (1994) Decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased antioxidant enzyme gene expression by ω-3 lipids in murine lupus nephritis. Biochemicnl and Biophysical Research Communications 200, 893898.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, HR, Arsenijevic, D, Pechere, JC, Piguet, PF, Mensi, N, Girardier, L & Dulloo, AG (1992) Dietary supplementation with fish oil enhances in vivo synthesis of tumor necrosis factor. Immunology Letters 34, 1318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapkin, RS, Hubbard, NE & Erickson, KL (1990) 5-Series peptido-leukotriene synthesis in mouse peritoneal macro-phages: modulation by dietary n-3 fatty acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 171, 764769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chow, SC, Ansotegui, IJ & Jondal, M (1990) Inhibition of receptormediated calcium influx in T cells by unsaturated non-esterified fatty acids. Biochemical Journal 267, 727732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, AL, Gibbons, L, Horan, MA, Little, RA & Rothwell, NJ (1993) Effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on fever and cytokine production in human volunteers. Clinical Nutrition 12, 321328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Caterina, R, Cybulsky, MA, Clinton, SK, Gimbrone, MA & Libby, P (1995) Omega-3 fatty acids and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 52, 191195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devchand, PR, Keller, H, Peters, JM, Vazquez, M, Gonzalez, FJ & Wahli, W (1996) The PPARα-leukotriene B4 pathway to inflammation control. Nature 384, 3943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubois, C, Bissonnette, E & Rola-Pleszczynski, M (1989) Plateletactivating factor (PAF) stimulates tumor necrosis factor production by alveolar macrophages: prevention of PAF receptor antagonists and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Journal of Immunology 143, 964971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endres, S (1996) n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and human cytokine synthesis. Lipids 31, S239S242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endres, S, Fulle, HJ, Sinha, B, Stoll, D, Dinarello, CA, Gerzer, R & Weber, PC (1991) Cyclic nucleotides differentially regulate the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta by human mononuclear cells. Immunology 72, 5660 Google ScholarPubMed
Endres, S, Ghorbani, R, Kelley, VE, Georgilis, K, Lonnemann, G, van der Meer, JMW, Cannon, JG, Rogers, TS, Klempner, MS, Weber, PC, Schaeffer, EJ, Wolff, SM & Dinarello, CA (1989) The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells. New England Journal of Medicine 320, 265271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endres, S, Meydani, SN, Ghorbani, R, Schindler, R & Dinarello, CA (1993) Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids suppresses interleukin-2 production and mononuclear cell proliferation. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 54, 599603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endres, S & von Schacky, C (1996) n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and human cytokine synthesis. Current Opinion in Lipidology 7, 4852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ertel, W, Morrison, MH, Ayala, A & Chaudry, IH (1993) Modulation of macrophage membrane phospholipids by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increases interleukin 1 release and prevents suppression of cellular immunity following hemorrhagic shock. Archives of Surgery 128, 1521.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faull, RJ (1995) Adhesion molecules in health and disease. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 25, 720730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandes, G, Bysani, C, Venkatraman, JT, Tomar, V & Zhao, W (1994) Increased TGF-β and decreased oncogene expression by ω-3 fatty acids in the spleen delays onset of autoimmune disease in B/W mice. Journal of Immunology 152, 59795987.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forman, BM, Tontonoz, P, Chen, J, Brun, RP, Spiegelman, BM & Evans, RM (1995) 15-Deoxy-D12,14 prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPARγ. Cell 83, 803812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, KH, Chapkin, RS & McMurray, DN (1993) Effects of purified dietary n-3 ethyl esters on murine T lymphocyte function. Journal of Immunology 151, 51865197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fritsche, KL & Cassity, NA (1992) Dietary n-3 fatty acids reduce antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and alter eicosanoid release by chicken immune cells. Poultry Science 71, 16461657.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fritsche, KL, Cassity, NA & Huang, S-C (1991) Effect of dietary fat source on antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation in chickens. Poultry Science 70, 611617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fritsche, KL & Johnston, PV (1990) Effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in BALB/c mice. Nutrition Research 10, 577588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujikawa, M, Yamashita, N, Yamazaki, K, Sugiyama, E, Suzuki, H & Hamazaki, T (1992) Eiciosapentaenoic acid inhibits antigen-presenting cell function of murine splenocytes. Immunology 75, 330335.Google ScholarPubMed
Gagnon, L, Filion, LG, Dubois, C & Rola-Pleszczynski, M (1989) Leukotrienes and macrophage activation: augmented cytotoxic activity and enhanced interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor and hydrogen peroxide production. Agents and Actions 26, 141147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallai, V, Sarchielli, P, Trequattrini, A, Franceschini, M, Floridi, A, Firenze, C, Alberti, A, Di Benedetto, D & Stragliotto, E (1993) Cytokine secretion and eicosanoid production in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients undergoing dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Neuroimmunology 56, 143153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldyne, ME & Stobo, JD (1981) Immunoregulatory role of prostaglandins and related lipids. Critical Reviews in Immunology 2, 189223.Google Scholar
Goodwin, JS & Cueppens, J (1983) Regulation of the immune response by prostaglandins. Journal of Clinical Immunology 3, 295315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grimm, H, Tibell, A, Norrlind, B, Blecher, C, Wilker, S & Schwemmle, K (1994) Immunoregulation by parenteral lipids: impact of the n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratio. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 18, 417421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardardottir, I & Kinsella, JE (1991) Tumour necrosis factor production by murine resident peritoneal macrophages is enhanced by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biochimica et Eiophysica Acta 1095, 187195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardardottir, I & Kinsella, JE (1992) Increasing the dietary (n-3) to (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio increases tumor necrosis factor production by murine resident peritoneal macrophages without an effect on elicited peritoneal macrophages. Journal of Nutrition 122, 19421951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, WS, Rambjor, GS, Windsor, SL & Diederich, D (1997) n-3 Fatty acids and urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, 459464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hogg, N & Lands, RC (1993) Adhesion molecules in cell interactions. Current Opinion in Immunology 5, 383390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, S-C & Fritsche, KL (1992) Alteration in mouse splenic phospholipid fatty acid composition and lymphoid cell populations by dietary fat. Lipids 27, 2532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, S-C, Misfeldt, ML & Fritsche, KL (1992) Dietary fat influences Ia antigen expression and immune cell populations in the murine peritoneum and spleen. Journal of Nutrition 122, 12191231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hubbard, NE, Chapkin, RS & Erickson, KL (1994) Effect of dietary linseed oil on tumoricidal activity and eicosanoid production in murine macrophages. Lipids 29, 651655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, DA, Pinder, AC, Piper, Z, Johnson, IT & Lund, EK (1996 a) Fish oil supplementation inhibits the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I1 molecules and adhesion molecules on human monocytes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 267272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, DA, Southon, S & Pinder, AC (1996 b) (n-3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the expression of functionally associated molecules on human monocytes in vitro. Journal of Nutrition 126, 603610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hwang, D (1989) Essential fatty acids and the immune response. FASEB Journal 3, 20522061.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeffery, NM, Sanderson, P, Sherrington, EJ, Newsholme, EA & Calder, PC (1996) The ratio of 12–6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the rat diet alters serum lipid levels and lymphocyte functions. Lipids 31, 737745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joe, B & Lokesh, BR (1994) Role of capsaicin, curcumin and dietary n-3 fatty acids in lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat peritoneal macrophages. Biochimica et Eiophysica Acta 1224, 255263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jolly, CA, Jiang, Y-H, Chapkin, RS & McMurray, DN (1997) Dietary (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress murine lymphoproliferation, interleukin-2 secretion and the formation of diacylglycerol and ceramide. Journal of Nutrition 127, 3743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jump, DB, Clarke, SD, Thelan, A, Liimatta, M, Ren, B & Badin, M (1996) Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription. Progress in Lipid Research 35, 227241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jump, DB, Ren, B, Clarke, S & Thelen, A (1995) Effects of fatty acids on hepatic gene expression. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatry Acids 48, 107111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, DS, Nelson, GJ, Serrato, CM, Schmidt, PC & Branch, LB (1988) Effects of type of dietary fat on indices of immune status of rabbits. Journal of Nutrition 118, 13761384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, VE, Ferretti, A, Izui, S & Strom, TB (1985) A fish oil diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cyclooxygenase metabolites and suppresses lupus in MRL-lpr mice. Journal of Immunology 134, 19141919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khair-El-Din, T, Sicher, SC, Vazquez, MA, Chung, GW, Stallworth, KA, Kitamura, K, Miller, RT & Lu, CY (1996) Transcription of the murine iNOS gene is inhibited by docosahexaenoic acid, a major constituent of fetal and neonatal sera as well as fish oils. Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, 12411246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalfoun, B, Thibault, G, Bardos, P & Lebranchu, Y (1996) Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids inhibit in vitro human lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Transplantation 62, 16491657.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, DN, Schmee, J & Thomas, WA (1995) Dietary fish oil added to a hyperlipidemic diet for swine results in reduction in the excessive number of monocytes attached to the arterial endothelium. Atherosclerosis 81, 209216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinsella, JE, Lokesh, B, Broughton, S & Whelan, J (1990) Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids: potential effects on the modulation of inflammatory and immune cells: An overview. Nutrition 6, 2444.Google ScholarPubMed
Kishimoto, A, Takai, Y, Mori, T, Kikkawa, U & Nishizuka, Y (1980) Activation of calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by diacylglycerol: Its possible relation to phosphatidylinositol turnover. Journal of Biological Chemistry 255, 22732276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kliewer, SA, Forman, BM, Blimberg, B, Ong, ES, Borgmeyer, U, Mangelsdorf, DJ, Umesono, K & Evans, RM (1994) Differential expression and activation of a family of murine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91, 73557359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kliewer, SA, Lenhard, JM, Willson, TM, Patel, I, Morris, DC & Lehman, JM (1995) A prostaglandin J2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Cell 83, 813819.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knudsen, PJ, Dinarello, C & Strom, TB (1986) Prostaglandins posttranscriptionally inhibit monocyte expression of interleukin-1 activity by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Journal of Immunology 137, 31873194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopp, EB & Ghosh, S (1995) NF-κB and rel proteins in innate immunity. Advances in Immunology 58, 127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kremer, JM, Lawrence, DA, Jubiz, W, Di Giacomo, R, Rynes, K, Bartholomew, LE & Sherman, M (1990) Dietary fish oil and olive oil supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 33, 810820.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kunkel, SL, Remick, DG, Spengler, M & Chensue, SW (1982) Modulation of macrophage-derived interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by prostaglandin E2 . Advances in Prostaglandin, Thromboxane and Leukotriene Research 9, 331339.Google Scholar
Lee, TH, Hoover, RL, Williams, JD, Sperling, RI, Ravalese, J, Spur, BW, Robinson, DR, Corey, EJ, Lewis, RA & Austen, KF (1985) Effects of dietary enrichment with EPA and DHA on in vitro neutrophil and monocyte leukotriene generation and neutrophil function. New England Journal of Medicine 312, 12171224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lokesh, BR, Sayers, TJ & Kinsella, JE (1990) Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor synthesis by mouse peritoneal macrophages is enhanced by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Immunology Letters 23, 281286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lumpkin, EA, McGlone, JJ, Sells, JL & Hellman, JM (1993) Modulation of murine natural killer cell cytotoxicity by dietary fish oil, maize oil or beef tallow. Journal of Nutritional Immunology 2, 4353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marignani, PA & Sebaldt, RJ (1995) Formation of second messenger diradylglycerol in murine peritoneal macrophages is altered after in vivo (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation. Journal of Nutrition 125, 30303040.Google ScholarPubMed
Marshall, LA & Johnston, PV (1985) The influence of dietary essential fatty acids on rat immunocompetent cell prostaglandin synthesis and mitogen-induced blastogenesis. Journal of Nutrition 115, 15721580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
May, CL, Southwoth, AJ & Calder, PC (1993) Inhibition of lymphocyte protein kinase C by unsaturated fatty acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 195, 823828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meydani, SN (1992) Modulation of cytokine production by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 200, 189193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meydani, SN (1996) Effect of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids on cytokine production and their biologic function. Nutrition 12, S8S14.Google ScholarPubMed
Meydani, SN, Endres, S, Woods, MM, Goldin, BR, Soo, C, Morrill-Labrode, A, Dinarello, C & Gorbach, SL (1991) Oral (n-3) fatty acid supplementation suppresses cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation: comparison between young and older women. Journal of Nutrition 121, 547555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meydani, SN, Lichtenstein, AH, Cornwall, S, Meydani, M, Goldin, BR, Rasmussen, H, Dinarello, CA & Schaefer, EJ (1993) Immunologic effects of national cholesterol education panel step-2 diets with and without fish-derived n-3 fatty acid enrichment. Journal of Clinical Investigation 92, 105113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meydani, SN, Yogeeswaran, G, Liu, S, Baskar, S & Meydani, M (1988) Fish oil and tocopherol-induced changes in natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and PGE2 synthesis in young and old mice. Journal of Nutrition 118, 12451252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Molvig, J, Pociot, F, Worsaae, H, Wogensen, LD, Baek, L, Christensen, P, Mandrup-Poulsen, T, Andersen, K, Madsen, P, Dyerberg, J & Nerup, J (1991) Dietary supplementation with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreases mononuclear cell proliferation and interleukin-1β content but not monokine secretion in healthy and insulin-dependent diabetic individuals. Scandanavian Journal of Immunology 34, 399410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosquera, J, Rodriguez-Iturbe, B & Parra, G (1990) Fish oil dietary supplementation reduces Ia expression in rat and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 56, 124129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nunez, EA (1993) Free fatty acids as modulators of the steroid hormone message. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 48, 6370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nunez, EA, Haourigui, M, Martin, ME & Benassayag, C (1995) Fatty acids and steroid hormone action. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 52, 185190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peck, MD (1994) Interactions of lipids with immune function II: Experimental and clinical studies of lipids and immunity. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 5, 514521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poubelle, P, Stankova, J, Grassii, J & Rola-Pleszczynski, M (1991) Leukotriene B4 up-regulates IL-6 rather than IL-1 synthesis in human monocytes. Agents and Actions 34, 4245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renier, G, Skamene, E, de Sanctis, J & Radzioch, D (1993) Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice: Modulation of macrophage secretory activities. Arteriosclerosis and Thombosis 13, 15151524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renz, H, Gong, JH, Schmidt, A, Nain, M & Gemsa, D (1988) Release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from macrophages. Enhancement and suppression are dose-dependently regulated by prostaglandin E2 and cyclic nucleotides. Journal of Immunology 141, 23882393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richieri, GV & Kleinfeld, AM (1989) Free fatty acid perturbation of transmembrane signalling in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 143, 23022310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, DR, Urakaze, M, Huang, R, Taki, H, Sugiyama, E, Knoell, CT, Xu, L, Yeh, ETH & Auron, PE (1996) Dietary marine lipids suppress continuous expression of interleukin-1β gene expression. Lipids 31, S23S31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rola-Pleszczynski, M & Lemaire, I (1985) Leukotrienes augment interleukin 1 production by human monocytes. Journal of Immunology 135, 39583961.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rola-Pleszczynski, M & Stankova, J (1992) Cytokine gene regulation by PGE2, LTB4 and PAF. Mediators of Inflammation 1, 58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roper, RL & Phipps, RP (1994) Prostaglandin E2 regulation of the immune response. Advances in Prostaglandin, Thromboxane and Leukotriene Research 22, 101111.Google ScholarPubMed
Sanderson, P & Calder, PC (1998) Dietary fish oil diminishes lymphocyte adhesion to macrophage and endothelial cell monolayers. Immunology (In the Press).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanderson, P, MacPherson, GG, Jenkins, CH & Calder, PC (1997) Dietary fish oil diminishes antigen presentation activity by rat lymphoid dendritic cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 62, 771777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, P, Yaqoob, P & Calder, PC (1995 a) Effects of dietary lipid manipulation upon rat spleen lymphocyte functions and the expression of lymphocyte surface molecules. Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine 5, 119132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, P, Yaqoob, P & Calder, PC (1995 b) Effects of dietary lipid manipulation upon graft vs. host and host vs. graft responses in the rat. Cellular Immunology 164, 240247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schade, UF, Ernst, M, Reinke, M & Wolter, DT (1989) Lipoxygenase inhibitors suppress formation of tumor necrosis factor in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 159, 748754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, EB, Pederson, JO, Ekelund, S, Grunnet, N, Jersild, C & Dyerberg, J (1989) Cod liver oil inhibits neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in healthy males. Atherosclerosis 77, 5357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, EB, Varming, K, Pederson, JO, Lervang, HH, Grunnet, N, Jersild, C & Dyerberg, J (1992) Long term supplementation with n-3 fatty acids. II. Effect on neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 52, 229236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoonjans, K, Staels, B & Auwenr, J (1996) Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in mediating the effects of fibrates and fatty acids in gene expression. Journal of Lipid Research 37, 907925.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherrington, EJ, Sanderson, P & Calder, PC (1995) The effect of dietary lipid manipulation on macrophage cell surface molecule expression. Biochemical Society Transactions 23, 272S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shinomura, T, Asoaka, Y, Oka, M, Yoshida, K & Nishizuka, Y (1991) Synergistic action of diacylglycerol and unsaturated fatty acids for protein kinase C activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88, 51495153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Somers, SD, Chapkin, RS & Erickson, KL (1989) Alteration of in vitro murine peritonea1 macrophage function by dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in menhaden fish oil. Cellular Immunology 123, 201211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Somers, SD & Erickson, KL (1994) Alteration of tumor necrosis factor-cc production by macrophages from mice fed diets high in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Cellular Immunology 153, 287297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soyland, E, Lea, T, Sandstad, B & Drevon, A (1994) Dietary supplementation with very long chain n-3 fatty acids in man decreases expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) on mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with inflammatory skin diseases. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 24, 236242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speizer, LA, Watson, MJ & Brunton, LL (1991) Differential effects of omega-3 fish oils on protein kinase activities in vitro. American Journal of Physiology 261, E109E114.Google ScholarPubMed
Sperling, RI, Benincaso, AI, Knoell, CT, Larkin, JK, Austen, KF & Robinson, DR (1993) Dietary w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit phosphoinositide formation and chemotaxis in neutrophils. Journal of Clinical Investigation 91, 651660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springer, TA (1990) Adhesion receptors of the immune system. Nature 346, 425433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoolman, LM (1989) Adhesion molecules controlling lymphocyte migration. Cell 56, 907910.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sumida, C (1995) Fatty acids: Ancestral ligands and modem coregulators of the steroid hormone receptor cell signalling pathway. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 52, 137144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumida, C, Graber, R & Nunez, E (1993) Role of fatty acids in signal transduction: modulators and messengers. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 48, 117122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tappia, PS & Grimble, RF (1994) Complex modulation of cytokine induction by endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor from peritoneal macrophages of rats by diets containing fats of different saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition. Clinical Science 87, 173178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tappia, PS, Man, WJ & Grimble, RF (1995) Influence of unsaturated fatty acids on the production of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6 by rat peritoneal macrophages. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 143, 8998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turek, JJ, Schoenlein, IA & Bottoms, GD (1991) The effect of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on tumor necrosis factor-α production and leucine aminopeptidase levels in rat peritoneal macrophages. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 43, 141149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turek, JJ, Schoenlein, IA, Clark, LK & van Alstine, WG (1994) Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids effects on immune cells of the porcine lung. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 56, 599604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Meter, AR, Ehringer, WD, Stillwell, W, Blumenthal, EJ & Jenski, LJ (1994) Aged lymphocyte proliferation following incorporation and retention of dietary omega-3 fatty acids. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 75, 95114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Virella, G, Fourspring, K, Hyman, B, Haskill-Stroud, R, Long, L, Virella, I, La Via, M, Gross, AJ & Lopes-Virella, M (1991) Immunosuppressive effects of fish oil in normal human volunteers: Correlation with the in vifrn effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on human lymphocytes. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 61, 161176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wachtler, P, Konig, W, Senkal, M, Kemen, M & Koller, M (1997) Influence of a total parenteral nutrition enriched with ω-3 fatty acids on leukotriene synthesis of peripheral leukocytes and systemic cytokine levels in patients with major surgery. Journal of Trauma 42, 191198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallace, FA, Neely, SJ, Miles, EA & Calder, PC (1998) Dietary fish oil decreases the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by murine macrophages. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 57. 50A.Google Scholar
Watanabe, S, Hayashi, H, Onozaki, K & Okuyama, H (1991) Effect of dietary α-linolenate/linoleate balance on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in mouse macrophages. Life Sciences 48, 20132020.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, D, Meydani, SN, Meydani, M, Hayek, MG, Huth, P & Nicolosi, RJ (1996) Immunologic effects of marine- and plant-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in nonhuman primates. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 273280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamashita, N, Maruyama, M, Yamazaki, K, Hamazaki, T & Yano, S (1991) Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on natural killer cell activity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 59, 335345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yaqoob, P & Calder, PC (1993) The effects of fatty acids on lymphocyte functions. International Journal of Biochemistry 25, 17051714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yaqoob, P & Calder, PC (1995 a) The effects of dietary lipid manipulation on the production of murine T-cell-derived cytokines. Cytokine 7, 548553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yaqoob, P & Calder, PC (1995 b) Effects of dietary lipid manipulation upon inflammatory mediator production by murine macrophages. Cellular Immunology 163, 120128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yaqoob, P & Calder, PC (1996) Dietary lipids affect the sensitivity of rat thymic lymphocytes to glucocorticoids. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 55, 160A.Google Scholar
Yaqoob, P, Newsholme, EA & Calder, PC (1994 a) The effect of dietary lipid manipulation on rat lymphocyte subsets and proliferation. Immunology 82, 603610.Google ScholarPubMed
Yaqoob, P, Newsholme, EA & Calder, PC (1994 b) Inhibition of natural killer cell activity by dietary lipids. Immunology Letters 41, 241247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yaqoob, P, Newsholme, EA & Calder, PC (1995) Influence of cell culture conditions on diet-induced changes in lymphocyte fatty acid composition. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1255, 333340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed