Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T08:33:51.144Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Impacts of vigorous and non-vigorous activity on daily energy expenditure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2007

Klaas R. Westerterp
Klaas R. Westerterp*
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
*
Corresponding author: Professor Klaas R. Westerterp, fax +31 43 3670976, [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Activity intensity is a potential determinant of activity-induced energy expenditure. Tri-axial accelerometery is the most objective measurement technique for the assessment of activity intensity, in combination with doubly-labelled water for the measurement of energy expenditure under free-living conditions. Data on the effects of subject characteristics, including body size and age, and exercise training on the relationship between activity intensity and daily energy expenditure are reviewed. Average daily metabolic rate and non-basal energy expenditure are positively related to body size. The duration and intensity of physical activities do not need to be equivalent to the energy spent on activity. Obese subjects spend more energy on physical activity but can perform fewer activities, especially high-intensity (weight-bearing) activities, because of their higher body weight. Physical activity generally declines gradually from about 60 years of age onwards. Most subjects >80 years have an activity level well below the level defined for sedentary middle-aged adults. Spending relatively more time on low-intensity activities has a negative effect on the mean physical activity level. To obtain a higher physical activity level does not necessarily imply high-intensity activities. In an average subject 25% of the activity-induced energy expenditure may be attributed to high-intensity activities. Exercise training, as a form of high-intensity activity, affects the physical activity level more in younger subjects than in elderly subjects.

Keywords

Doubly-labelled waterAccelerometerObesityAgeExercise training
Type
Meeting Report
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 62 , Issue 3 , August 2003 , pp. 645 - 650
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Bingham, SA, Goldberg, GR, Coward, WA, Prentice, AM & Cummings, JH (1989) The effect of exercise and improved physical fitness on basal metabolic rate British Journal of Nutrition 61, 155–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blaak, EE, Westerterp, KR, Bar-Or, O, Wouters, LJM & Saris, WHM (1992) Efffect of training on total energy expenditure and spontaneous activity in obese boys. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55, 777–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, AE, Coward, WA, Cole, TJ & Prentice, AM (1996) Human energy expenditure in affluent societies: an analysis of 574 doubly-labelled water measurements. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 72–92.Google ScholarPubMed
Bouchard, C, Shephard, RJ & Stephens, T (1993) Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health, Consensus Statement, Champaign, IL Human Kinetics Publishers.Google Scholar
Bouten, CVC, Van Marken Lichtenbelt, WD & Westerterp, KR (1996) Influence of body mass index on daily physical activity in anorexia nervosa. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 28, 967–973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, WH, Poehlman, ET, O'Connell, M & Goran, MI (1995) Influence of body composition and resting metabolic rate on variation in total energy expenditure: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 4–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekelund, U, Aman, J, Yngve, A, Renman, C, Westerterp, K & Sjöström, M (2002) Physical activity but not energy expenditure is reduced in obese adolescents: a case-control study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 76, 935–941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goran, MI & Poehlman, ET (1992) Endurance training does not enhance total energy expenditure in healthy elderly persons. American Journal of Physiology 263, E950–E957.Google Scholar
Hunter, GR, Wetzstein, CJ & Fields, DA, Brown, A & Bamman, MM (2000) Resistance training increases total energy expenditure and free-living physical activity in older adults. Journal of Applied Physiology 89, 977–984.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kempen, KPG, Saris, WHM & Westerterp, KR (1995) Energy balance during 8 weeks energy-restrictive diet with and without exercise in obese females. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 722–729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meijer, EP, Goris, AHC, Wouters, L & Westerterp, KR (2001) Physical inactivity as a determinant of the physical activity level in the elderly. International Journal of Obesity 25, 935–939.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meijer, EP, Westerterp, KR & Verstappen, FTJ (1999) The effect of exercise training on total daily physical activity in the elderly. European Journal of Applied Physiology 80, 16–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morio, B, Montaurier, C, Pickering, G, Ritz, P, Fellmann, N, Coudert, J, Beaufrère, B & Vermorel, M (1998) Effects of 14 weeks of progressive endurance training on energy expenditure in elderly people. British Journal of Nutrition 80, 511–519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prentice, AM, Black, AE, Coward, WA & Cole, TJ (1996a) Energy expenditure in overweight and obese adults in affluent societies: an analysis of 319 doubly-labelled water measurements. International Journal of Obesity 50, 93–97.Google ScholarPubMed
Prentice, AM, Goldberg, GR, Murgatroyd, PR & Cole, TJ (1996 b) Physical activity and obesity: problems in correcting energy expenditure for body size. International Journal of Obesity 20, 688–691.Google ScholarPubMed
Racette, SB, Schoeller, DA, Kushner, RF, Neil, KM & Herling-Iaffaldano, K (1995) Effects of aerobic exercise and dietary carbohydrate on energy expenditure and body composition during weight reduction in obese women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 486–494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoeller, DA & Fjeld, CR (1991) Human energy metabolism: what have we learned from the doubly labeled water method? Annual Reviews of Nutrition 11, 355–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoeller, DA & Jefford, G (2002) Determinants of the energy costs of light activities: inferences for interpreting doubly labeled water data. International Journal of Obesity 26, 97–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schulz, LO, Alger, S, Harper, I, Wilmore, JH & Ravussin, E (1992) Energy expenditure of elite female runners measured by respiratory chamber and doubly labeled water. Journal of Applied Physiology 72, 23–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schulz, LO & Schoeller, DA (1994) A compilation of total daily energy expenditures and body weights in healthy adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 676–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snitker, S, Tatarranni, PA & Ravussin, E (2001) Spontaneous physical activity in a respiratory chamber is correlated to habitual physical activity. International Journal of Obesity 25, 1481–1486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starling, RD, Toth, MJ, Carpenter, WH, Matthews, DE & Poehlman, ET (1998) Energy requirements and physical activity in freeliving older women and men: a doubly labeled water study. Journal of Applied Physiology 85, 1063–1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Etten, LMLA, Westerterp, KR, Verstappen, FTJ, Boon, BJB & Saris, WHM (1997) Effect of an 18-wk weight-training program on energy expenditure and physical activity. Journal of Applied Physiology 82, 298–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Velthuis-te Wierik, EJM, Westerterp, KR & Van den Berg, H (1995) Impact of a moderately energy-restricted diet on energy metabolism and body composition in non-obese men. International Journal of Obesity 19, 318–324.Google ScholarPubMed
Verboeket-Van de Venne, WPHG, Westerterp, KR & Kester, ADM (1993) Effect of the pattern of food intake on human energy metabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 103–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, KR (1998) Alterations in energy balance with exercise. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68, 970S–974S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, KR (1999 a) Obesity and physical activity. International Journal of Obesity 23,Suppl. 1, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, KR (1999 b) Assessment of physical activity level and energy expenditure of activity: current evidence and research issues. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31, S522–S525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, KR (2001 a) Pattern and intensity of physical activity. Nature 410, 539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, KR (2001 b) Limits to sustainable human metabolic rate. Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 3183–3187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, KR & Meijer, EP (2001) Changes in physical activity patterns with age: a physiological perspective. Journal of Gerontology 56A, 7–12.Google Scholar
Westerterp, KR, Meijer, GAL, Janssen, EME, Saris, WHM & Ten Hoor, F (1992) Long-term effect of physical activity on energy balance and body composition. British Journal of Nutrition 68, 21–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, KR, Saris, WHM, Soeters, PB & Ten Hoor, F (1991) Determinants of weight loss after vertical banded gastroplasty. International Journal of Obesity 15, 529–534.Google ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, KR, Saris, WHM, Van Es, M & Ten Hoor, F (1986) Use of the doubly labeled water technique in humans during heavy sustained exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 61, 2162–2167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1985) Energy and Protein Requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. Technical Report Series no. 724 Geneva WHO.Google Scholar