Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:01:52.013Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Eating behaviour, food preferences and dietary intake in relation to obesity and body-weight status

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

David J. Mela
Affiliation:
Consumer Sciences Department, Institute of Food Research, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Road, Reading RG6 6BZ
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
‘Predisposition to obesity: metabolic and/or behavioural factors’ Symposium 1
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1996

References

Anderson, A. O., Gatenby, S. J., Walker, A. D., Mela, D. J. & Southon, S. (1995). Dietary patterns in healthy adult volunteers: A preliminary investigation. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dietary Assessment Methods, Abstr. no. 6. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health.Google Scholar
Astrup, A. (1993). Diet composition, substrate balances and body fat in subjects with a predisposition to obesity. International Journal of Obesity 17, Suppl. 3, S32S36Google ScholarPubMed
Astrup, A., Buemann, B., Christensen, N. J. & Toubro, S. (1994 a). Failure to increase lipid oxidation in response to increasing dietary fat content in formerly obese women. American Journal of Physiology 266, E592E599.Google ScholarPubMed
Astrup, A., Buemann, B., Western, P., Toubro, S., Raben, A. & Christensen, N. J. (1994 b). Obesity as an adaptation to a high fat diet: Evidence from a cross-sectional study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 350355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Astrup, A. & Raben, A. (1995). Carbohydrate and obesity. International Journal of Obesity 19, Suppl. 5, S27S37Google ScholarPubMed
Baecke, J. A. H., Van Staveren, W. A. & Burema, J. (1983). Food consumption, habitual physical activity and body fatness in young Dutch adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 278286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baghurst, K. I., Baghurst, P. A. & Record, S. J. (1994). Demographic and dietary profiles of high and low fat consumers in Australia. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 48, 2632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barkeling, B., Rössner, S. & Sjöberg, A. (1995). Methodological studies on single meal food intake characteristics in normal weight and obese men and women. International Journal of Obesity 19, 284290.Google ScholarPubMed
Basdevant, A., Craplet, C. & Guy-Grand, B. (1993). Snacking patterns in obese French women. Appetite 21 1723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baucom, D. H. & Aiken, P. A. (1981). Effect of depressed mood on eating among obese and nonobese dieting and nondieting persons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41, 577585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaudoin, R & Mayer, J. (1953). Food intake of obese and non-obese women. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 29, 2933.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bellisle, F & Le Magnen, J. (1981). The structure of meals in humans: eating and drinking patterns in lean and obese subjects. Physiology and Behavior 27, 649658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bellisle, F., Lucas, F. & Le Magnen, J. (1984). Deprivation palatability and the microstructure of meals in human subjects. Appetite 5 8594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bellisle, F., Rolland-Cachera, M. F., Deheeger, M. & Guilloud-Battaille, M. (1988). Obesity and food intake in children: Evidence for a role of metabolic and/or behavioral daily rhythms. Appetite 11, 111118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Björvell, H., Ronnberg, S. & Rössner, S. (1985). Eating patterns described by a group of treatment seeking overweight women and normal weight women. Scandinavian Journal of Behavior Therapy 14 147156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolton-Smith, C & Woodward, M. (1994). Dietary composition and fat to sugar ratios in relation to obesity. International Journal of Obesity 18, 820828.Google ScholarPubMed
Booth, D. A. (1988). Mechanisms from models – actual effects from real life: the zero-calorie drink-break option. Appetite 11, Suppl., 94102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burley, V. J., Gatenby, S. J., Anderson, A. O. & Mela, D. J. (1994). Relationships Between Eating Frequency, Energy Intake and Body Weight Status: A Critical Review. London: The Biscuit, Cake, Chocolate and Confectionery Alliance.Google Scholar
Butterworth, D. E., Nieman, D. C., Butler, J. V. & Herring, J. L. (1994). Food intake patterns of marathon runners. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 4, 17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coates, T. J., Jeffrey, R. W. & Wing, R. R. (1978). The relationship between persons' relative body weights and the quality and quantity of food stored in their homes. Addictive Behaviors 3, 179184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dallosso, H. M., Murgatroyd, P. R. & James, W. P. T. (1982). Feeding frequency and energy balance in adult males. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 36C, 2539.Google ScholarPubMed
DeCastro, J. M. (1995). The relationship of cognitive restraint to the spontaneous food and fluid intake of free-living humans. Physiology and Behavior 57, 287295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dreon, D. M., Frey-Hewitt, B., Ellsworth, N., Williams, P. T., Terry, R. B. & Wood, P. D. (1988). Dietary fat: carbohydrate ratio and obesity in middle-aged men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 9951000.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drewnowski, A., Brunzell, J. D., Sande, K., Iverius, P. H. & Greenwood, M. R. C. (1985). Sweet tooth reconsidered: Taste responsiveness in human obesity. Physiology and Behavior 35, 617622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drewnowski, A. & Greenwood, M. R. C. (1983). Cream and sugar: Human preferences for high-fat foods. Physiology and Behavior 30, 629633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drewnowski, A & Holden-Wiltse, J. (1992). Taste responses and food preferences in obese women: Effects of weight cycling. International Journal of Obesity 16, 639648.Google ScholarPubMed
Drewnowski, A., Kurth, C., Holden-Wiltse, J & Saari, J. (1992). Food preferences in human obesity: carbohydrate versus fats. Appetite 18, 207221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drewnowski, A., Kurth, C. L. & Rahaim, J. O. (1991). Taste preferences in human obesity: environmental and familial factors. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 635641.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durrant, M. L., Royston, P & Wloch, R. T. (1982). Effect of exercise on energy intake and eating patterns in lean and obese humans. Physiology and Behavior 29, 449454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edelstein, S. L., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Wingard, D. L. & Cohn, B. A. (1992). Increased meal frequency associated with decreased cholesterol concentrations; Rancho Bernardo, CA, 1984–1987. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55, 664669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmett, P. M. & Heaton, K. W. (1995). Is extrinsic sugar a vehicle for dietary fat? Lancet 345, 15371540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fábry, P., Hejda, S., Cerny, K., Osankova, K & ar, J. (1966). Effect of meal frequency in school children. Changes in the weight-height proportion and skin-fold thickness. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 18, 358361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fábry, P & Tepperman, J. (1970). Meal frequency– a possible factor in human pathology. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 23, 10591068.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, J. O. & Birch, L. L. (1995). Fat preference and fat consumption of 3-to 5-year-old children are related to parental adiposity. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95, 759764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fricker, J., Giroux, S., Fumeron, F. & Apfelbaum, M. (1990). Circadian rhythm of energy intake and corpulence status in adults. International Journal of Obesity 14, 387393.Google ScholarPubMed
Frijters, J. E. R. & Rasmussen-Conrad, E. L. (1982). Sensory discrimination, intensity perception, and affective judgment of sucrose-sweetness in the overweight. Journal of General Psychology 107, 233247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frye, C. A., Crystal, S., Ward, K. D. & Kanarek, R. B. (1994). Menstrual cycle and dietary restraint influence taste preferences in young women. Physiology and Behavior 55, 561567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibney, M. J. (1980). Dietary guidelines: A critical appraisal. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 3, 245254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, S. A. (1993). Consumption and sources of sugar in the diets of British schoolchildren: Are high-sugar diets nutritionally inferior? Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 6, 355371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H. & Wiseman, M. (1990). The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Grinker, J. (1978). Obesity and sweet taste. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 31, 10781087.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grinker, J. A., Gropman-Rubin, J & Bose, K. (1986). Sweet preference and body fatness: Neonatal data. Nutrition and Behavior 3, 197209.Google Scholar
Heatherton, T. F., Herman, C. P., Polivy, J., King, G. A. & McGree, S. T. (1988). The (mis) measurement of restraint: An analysis of conceptual and psychometric issues. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 97, 1928.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heitmann, B. T., Lissner, L., Sørensen, T. I. A. & Bengtsson, C. (1995). Dietary fat intake and weight gain in women genetically predisposed for obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 12131217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herman, C. P. (1978). Restrained eating. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1, 593607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herman, C. P. & Mack, D. (1975). Restrained and unrestrained eating. Journal of Personality 43, 647660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herman, C. P. & Polivy, J. (1975). Anxiety, restraint and eating behaviour. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 6, 666672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herman, C. P. & Polivy, J. (1984). A boundary model for the regulation of eating. In Eating and Its Disorders, pp. 141156 [Stunkard, A. J. and Stellar, E., editors]. New York Raven Press.Google Scholar
Herman, C. P., Polivy, J., Pliner, P., Threlkeld, J & Munic, D. (1978). Distractibility in dieters and nondieters: An alternative view of ‘externality’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36, 536548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, S. W. & McCutcheon, N. B. (1975). Eating responses of obese and nonobese humans during dinner meals. Psychosomatic Medicine 37, 395401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, S. W. & McCutcheon, N. B. (1984). Contributions of obesity, gender, hunger, food preference, and body size to bite size, bite speed, and rate of eating. Appetite 5, 7383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ho, E. E., Liszt, A & Pudel, V. (1990). The effect of energy content and sweet taste on food consumption in restrained and non-restrained eaters. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 90, 12231228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanarek, R. B., Ryu, M & Przypek, J. (1995). Preferences for foods with varying levels of salt and fat differ as a function of dietary restraint and exercise but not menstrual cycle. Physiology and Behavior 57, 821826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kant, A. K., Ballad-Barbash, R & Schatzkin, A. (1995 a). Evening eating and its relation to self-reported body weight and nutrient intake in women, CSfiI 1985–86. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 14, 358363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kant, A. K., Schatzkin, A., Graubard, B. I. & Ballard-Barbash, R. (1995 b). Frequency of eating occasions and weight change in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. International Journal of Obesity 19, 468474.Google ScholarPubMed
Kaufman, N. A., Poznanski, R & Guggenheim, K. (1975). Eating habits and opinions of teen-agers on nutrition and obesity. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 66, 264268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleifield, E. I. & Lowe, M. R. (1990). Weight loss and sweetness preferences: The effects of recent versus past weight loss. Physiology and Behavior 49, 10371042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulesza, W. (1982). Dietary intake in obese women. Appetite 3, 6168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laessle, R. G., Tuschl, R. J., Kotthaus, B. C. & Pirke, K. M. (1989 a). A comparison of the validity of three scales for the assessment of dietary restraint. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 98, 504507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laessle, R. G., Tuschl, R. J., Kotthaus, B. C. & Pirke, K. M. (1989 b). Behavioral and biological correlates of dietary restraint in normal life. Appetite 12, 8394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larson, D. E., Ferraro, R. T., Robertson, D. S. & Ravussin, E. (1995). Energy metabolism in weight-stable postobese individuals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 735739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawson, O. J., Williamson, D. A., Champagne, C. M., DeLany, J. P., Brooks, E. R., Howat, P. M., Wozniac, P. J., Bray, G. A. & Ryan, D. H. (1995). The association of body weight, dietary intake, and energy expenditure with dietary restraint and disinhibition. Obesity Research 3, 153161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leon, G. R. & Roth, L. (1977). Obesity: Causes, correlations, and speculations. Psychological Bulletin 84, 117139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leveille, G. (1970). Adipose tissue metabolism. Influence of periodicity of eating and diet composition. Federation Proceedings 29, 12941301.Google ScholarPubMed
Lewis, C. J., Park, Y. K., Dexter, P. B. & Yetley, E. A. (1992). Nutrient intakes and body weights of persons consuming high and moderate levels of sugars. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 92, 708713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lissner, L & Heitmann, B. L. (1995). Dietary fat and obesity: Evidence from epidemiology. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 7990.Google ScholarPubMed
Lowe, M. R. (1993). The effects of dieting on eating behavior: A three-factor model. Psychological Bulletin 114, 100121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malcolm, R., O'Neill, P. M., Hirsch, A. A., Currey, H. S. & Moskowitz, G. (1980). Taste hedonics and thresholds in obesity. International Journal of Obesity 4, 203212.Google ScholarPubMed
Maxfield, E & Konishi, F. (1966). Patterns of food intake and physical activity in obesity. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 49, 406408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meiselman, H. L. (1977). The role of sweetness in the food preference of young adults. In Taste and Development. The Genesis of Sweet Taste Preference. DHEW Publication (NIH) 77–1068, pp. 269279 [Weiffenbach, J. M., editor]. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Meiselman, H. L. & Wyant, K. W. (1981). Food preferences and flavor experiences. In Criteria of Food Acceptance, pp. 144152 [Solms, J. and Hall, R. L., editors]. Zurich: Forster Verlag AG.Google Scholar
Mela, D. J. (1989). Gustatory function and dietary habits in users and non-users of smokeless tobacco. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 482489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mela, D. J. (1992). Sensory evaluation methods in nutrition and dietetics research. In Research: Successful Approaches, pp. 220247 [Monsen, E. R., editor]. Chicago: American Dietetic Association.Google Scholar
Mela, D. J. (1995 a). Implications of fat replacement for nutrition and food intake. European Journal of Medical Research 1, 7883.Google ScholarPubMed
Mela, D. J. (1995 b). Understanding fat preference and consumption: Applications of behavioural sciences to a nutritional problem. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 54, 453464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mela, D. J. (1996). Assessing the dietary implications of macronutrient substitutes. In Progress in Obesity Research 7, pp. 423430 [Angel, A., Anderson, H., Bouchard, C., Lau, D., Leiter, L. and Mendelson, R., editors]. London: John Libbey & Co.Google Scholar
Mela, D. J., Langley, K & Martin, A. (1994). Sensory assessment of fat content: Effect of emulsion and subject characteristics. Appetite 22, 6781.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mela, D. J. & Sacchetti, D. S. (1991). Sensory preferences for fats in foods: relationships to diet and body composition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 908915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metzner, H. L., Lamphiear, D. E., Wheeler, N. C. & Larkin, F. A. (1977). The relationship between frequency of eating and adiposity in adult men and women in the Tecumseh Community Health Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 712715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, W. C., Linderman, A. K., Wallace, J & Niederpruem, M. (1990). Diet composition, energy intake, and exercise in relation to body fat in men and women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 426430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milstein, R. M. (1980). Responsiveness of newborn infants of overweight and normal weight parents. Appetite 1, 6574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, fisheries and Food (1995). National Food Survey 1994. Annual Report of Household Food Consumption and Expenditure. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Morgan, K. J., Johnson, S. R. & Stampley, G. L. (1983). Children's frequency of eating, total sugar intake and weight/height stature. Nutrition Research 3, 635652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nisbett, R. E. (1972). Hunger, obesity, and the ventromedial hypothalamus. Psychology Reviews 79, 433453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogden, J. (1993). The measurement of restraint. Confounding success and failure? International Journal of Eating Disorders 13, 6976.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogden, J & Wardle, J. (1990). Cognitive restraint and sensitivity to cues for hunger and satiety. Physiology and Behavior 47, 477481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pangborn, R. M., Bos, K. E. O & Stern, J. S. (1985). Dietary fat intake and taste responses to fat in milk by under-, normal, and overweight women. Appetite 6, 2540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Polivy, J. (1976). Perception of calories and regulation of intake in restrained and unrestrained subjects. Addictive Behaviors 1, 237243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polivy, J., Herman, C. P., Younger, J. C. & Erskine, B. (1979). Effects of a model on eating behavior: The induction of a restrained eating style. Journal of Personality 47, 100114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poppitt, S. D. (1995). Energy density of diets and obesity. International Journal of Obesity 19, Suppl. 5, S20S26.Google ScholarPubMed
Prentice, A. (1995). Are all calories equal? In Weight Control: The Current Perspective, pp. 833 [Cottrell, R., editor]. London: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravussin, E & Swinburn, B. A. (1992). Pathophysiology of obesity. Lancet 340, 404408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ries, W. (1973). Feeding behaviour in obesity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 32, 187193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodin, J. (1980). Changes in perceptual responsiveness following jejunoileostomy: Their potential role in reducing food intake. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 457464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodin, J. (1981). Current status of the internal–external hypothesis for obesity: What went wrong? American Psychologist 36, 361372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodin, J., Moskowitz, H. R. & Bray, G. A. (1976). Relationship between obesity, weight loss, and taste responsiveness. Physiology and Behavior 17, 591597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodin, J., Schank, D & Striegel-Moore, R. (1989). Psychological features of obesity. Medical Clinics of North America 73, 4766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodin, J & Slochower, J. (1976). Externality in the nonobese: Effects of environmental responsiveness on weight. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 33, 338344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, P. J. & Hill, A. J. (1989). Breakdown of dietary restraint following mere exposure to food stimuli: interrelationships between restraint, hunger, salivation, and food intake. Addictive Behaviors 14, 387397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruderman, A. J., Belzer, L. J. & Halperin, A. (1985). Restraint, anticipated consumption, and overeating. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 94, 547555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruxton, C. H. S., Kirk, T. R., Belton, N. R. & Holmes, M. A. M. (1994). Few differences in daily intake associated with a high intake of snacks in school children. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 53, 253A.Google Scholar
Schachter, S. (1971). Some extraordinary facts about obese humans and rats. American Psychologist 26, 129144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schachter, S. & Rodin, J. (1974). Obese Humans and Rats. Washington, DC: Erlbaud/Halsted.Google Scholar
Schutz, Y. (1995). Abnormalities of fuel utilization as predisposing to the development of obesity in humans. Obesity Research 3, Suppl. 2, 173s178s.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simoes, E. J., Byers, T., Coates, R. J., Serdula, M. K., Mokdad, A. H. & Heath, G. W. (1995). The association between leisure-time physical activity and dietary fat in American adults. American Journal of Public Health 85, 240244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, L & Rodin, J. (1981). Human eating behavior: A critical review of studies in normal weight and overweight individuals. Appetite 2, 293329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stunkard, A. J. & Messick, S. (1985). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. Journal of psychosomatic Research 29, 7178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Summerbell, C. (1989). Feeding pattern and body weight in humans. PhD Thesis, CNAA, London.Google Scholar
Thompson, D. A., Moskowitz, H. R. & ampbell, R. G. (1977). Taste and olfaction in human obesity. Physiology and Behavior 19, 335337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tremblay, A & Alméras, N. (1995). Exercise, macronutrient preferences and food intake. International Journal of obesity 19, Suppl. 4, S97S101.Google ScholarPubMed
Tuschl, R. J., Platte, P., Laessle, R. G., Stichler, W & Pirke, K.-M. (1990). Energy expenditure and everyday eating behavior in healthy young women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 8186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Strein, T., Frijters, J. E. R., Bergers, G. P. A & Defares, P. B. (1995). On the relationship between emotional and external eating behavior. Addictive Behaviors 20, 585594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Strein, T., Frijters, J. E. R., van Stavaren, W. A., Defares, P. B. & Deurenberg, P. (1986 a). The predictive validity of the Dutch Restrained Eating Scale. International Journal of Eating Disorders 5, 747755.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Strein, T., Schippers, G. M. & Cox, W. M. (1986 b). The Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behaviour. International Journal of Eating Disorders 5, 295315.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verboeket-van de Venne, W. P. H. G., Westerterp, K. R. & Kester, A. D. M. (1993). Effect of the pattern of food intake on human energy metabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 103–1 15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verboeket-van de Venne, W. P. H. G., Westerterp, K. R. & ten Hoor, F. (1994). Substrate utilization in man: Effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate. Metabolism 43, 152156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wardle, J. (1987). Compulsive eating and dietary restraint. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 26, 4755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warwick, Z. S. & Schiffman, S. S. (1990). Sensory evaluations of fat-sucrose and fat-salt mixtures: Relationship to age and weight status. Physiology and Behavior 48, 633–436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, J. M., Klasges, R. C. & Klesges, L. M. (1988). Dietary restraint and obesity: Their effects on dietary intake. Journal of Behavior Medicine 11, 185199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., van den Heuvel, E., Wouters, L & ten Hoor, F. (1992). Diet-induced thermogenesis and cumulative food intake curves as a function of familiarity with food and dietary restraint in humans. Physiology and Behavior 51, 457465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., Wouters, L & ten Hoor, F. (1991). Restrained eating, obesity, and cumulative food intake curves during four-course meals. Appetite 16, 149158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witherly, S. A., Pangborn, R. M. & Stern, J. S. (1980). Gustatory responses and eating duration of obese and lean adults. Appetite 1, 53s63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar