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Dietary nutritional deficiencies identified in women at-risk of developing gestational diabetes across the UK, Ireland, Spain, Australia: The Bump2Baby and Me Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2023

L. Craigie ,
A. Power ,
A. Geraghty  and
S. O'Reilly
L. Craigie
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Ireland
A. Power
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Ireland
A. Geraghty
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Ireland UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Ireland
S. O'Reilly
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Ireland UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Ireland
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Abstract

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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 82 , Issue OCE4: Irish Section Conference 2023, 14–16 June 2023, Understanding the role of sex and gender in nutrition research , 2023 , E233
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

Early pregnancy provides a window of opportunity to optimise fetal health and reduce chronic disease risk through improved maternal nutrition. Gestational diabetes is the most common complication in pregnancy and screening early in pregnancy can identify women at-risk of developing it(Reference Buchanan, Xiang and Page1).

We aimed to explore the nutritional status of at-risk pregnant women early in pregnancy involved in the Bump2Baby and Me (B2B&Me) trial(Reference O'Reilly, Burden and Campoy2) in four countries.

This is a cross-sectional analysis of a subset of the B2B&Me trial baseline population. Demographic information was collected including participant age, gestation, body mass index (BMI), education, and smoking status. Dietary intakes were assessed using the validated Food4Me food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with participants being included in analyses if they had a full FFQ completed during pregnancy. Data were analysed across BMI categories using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis-H, and chi-square tests.

In 436 participants, 210 (48.2%), 124 (28.4%), and 102 (23.4%) were in the normal weight, overweight, and obesity categories. BMIs >30 were associated with an increased intake of energy (p = 0.005), carbohydrates (p = 0.001), sugar (p = 0.001), total fat (p = 0.034), saturated fat (p = 0.013), trans-fat (p = 0.009), and sodium (p = 0.039). BMIs >30 was also associated with lower age (p = 0.001), education levels (p < 0.001), and smoking (p = 0.029). 52.5%-99.5% of participants did not meet vitamin D, omega-3, zinc, iodine, iron, folate and dietary fibre requirements. 53.4%-97.2% exceeded carbohydrates, sugar, fats, and sodium recommendations.

Although this cohort is not representative of all pregnant women, it shows lower nutritional status in women at-risk of gestational diabetes. Further research is needed to explore the impact of these deficiencies on pregnancy outcomes.

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the contribution of the members of the IMPACT DIABETES B2B Collaboration Group

References

Buchanan, TA, Xiang, AH & Page, KA (2012) Nat Rev Endocrinol 8(11), 639–49.Google Scholar
O'Reilly, SL, Burden, C & Campoy, C et al. (2021) Trials 22, 963.Google Scholar