Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T23:22:35.546Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Amino Acid Needs and Protein Scoring Patterns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Peter J. Reeds
Affiliation:
USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Symposium on ‘Protein requirements’
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1990

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council (1981). The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Slough: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Alqvist, S. E. G. (1951). Metabolic relationships among amino acids studied with isotopic nitrogen Acta Chemica Scandinavica 5, 10461064.Google Scholar
Beaton, G. H. & Chery, A. (1988). Protein requirements of infants, a reexamination of concepts and approaches. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 13511361.Google Scholar
de Lange, C. F. M., Sauer, W. C., Mosethin, R. & Souffrant, W. B. (1989 a). The effect of feeding dilferent protein-free diets on the recovery and amino acid composition of endogenous protein collected from the distalileum and feces in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 67, 746754.Google Scholar
de Lange, C. F. M., Sauer, W. C., Mosethin, R. & Souffrant, W. B. (1989 b). The effect of protein status of the pig on the recovery and amino acid composition of endogenous protein in digesta collected from the distalileum. Journal of Animal Science 67, 755762.Google Scholar
de Lange, C. F. M., Souffrant, W. B. & Sauer, W. C. (1990). Real ileal and amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for growing pigs as determined with the l5N-isotope dilution technique. Journal of Animal Science 68, 4O9418.Google Scholar
Fomon, S. J., Ziegler, E. E., Thomas, L. N. & Filer, L. J. Jr (1971). Protein requirements of normal infants between 8 and 56 days of age. In Metabolic Processes in the Foetus and Newborn Infant. pp. 144162 [Jonxis, J. H., Visser, H. K. and Troelstra, J. A., editors]. Leiden: Stenfert Kroese.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (1985). Energy and Protein Requirements. Technical Report Series no. 724. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Fuller, M. F., Cadenhead, A., Mollison, G. & Seve, B. (1987). Effects of amount and quality of dietary protein on nitrogen metabolism and heat production in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 58, 277285.Google Scholar
Fuller, M. F., McWilliam, R., Wang, T. C., & Giles, L. R. (1989). The optimum dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs 2. Requirements for maintenance and for tissue protein accretion. British Journal of Nutrition 62, 255267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuller, M. F. & Wang, T. C. (1988). Amino acid requirements of the growing pig. In Manipulating Pig Production. pp. 97111 [Barnett, G. L., Batterham, E. S., Cronin, G. N., Hansen, C., Hemsworth, P. H., Hennessy, D. P., Hughes, P. E., Johnston, N. E., and King, R. H., editors]. Werribee. Australia: Australian Pig Sciences Association.Google Scholar
Golden, M., Waterlow, J. C. & Picou, D. (1977). The relationship between dietary intake. weight change nitrogen excretion and protein turnover in man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 13451348.Google Scholar
Hovell, F. D. DeB., Ørskov, E. R., Kyle, D. J. & Macl-eod, N. A. (1987). Undernutrition in sheep. Nitrogen repletion by N-depleted sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 77–48.Google Scholar
Jackson, A. A. & Golden, M. H. N. (1980). 15N-glycine metabolism in normal man. the metabolic a-amino nitrogen pool. Journal of Clinical Science 58, 517522.Google Scholar
Low, A. G. (1980). Nutrient absorption in the pig. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31, 10871130.Google Scholar
Mason, V. C. & Palmer, R. M. (1973). The influence of bacterial activity in the alimentary canal of rats on faecal nitrogen excretion. Acta Agricultura Scundinavica 23, 141150.Google Scholar
Matthews, D. E., Conway, J. E., Young, V. R. & Bier, D. M. (1981). Glycine nitrogen metabolism in man. Metaholism 30, 886893.Google Scholar
Millward, D. J., Jackson, A. A., Price, G. & Rivers, J. P. W. (1989). Human amino acid requirements. current dilemmas and uncertainties. Nutrition Reviews and Letters 2, 109132.Google Scholar
Millward, D. J., Price, G. M., Pacy, P. J. H. & Halliday, D. (1990). Maintenance protein requirements: the need for conceptual re-evaluation. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 49, 473487.Google Scholar
Millward, D. J. & Rivers, J. P. W. (1988). The nutritional role of indispensable amino acids and the metabolic basis for their requirements. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 367393.Google ScholarPubMed
Reeds, P. J. (1987). Nitrogen metabolism and protein requirements. In Comparative Nutrition. pp. 5572 [Blaxter, K. L. and MacDonald, I., editors]. London: John Libbey and Son.Google Scholar
Reeds, P. J. (1988). Milk proteins and tissue nitrogen equilibrium. In Milk Proteins. pp. 3748 [Barth, C. A. and Schlimme, E., editors]. New York: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Rennie, M. J., Babij, P., Taylor, P. M., Hundal, H. S., MacLennan, P., Watt, P. W., Jepson, M. M. & Millward, D. J. (1986). Characteristics of a glutamine carrier in skeletal muscle have important consequences for nitrogen loss in injury. infection and chronic disease. Lancet ii, 10081012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rerat, A., Vaissade, P. & Vaugelade, P. (1988). Quantitative measurement of endogenous amino acid absorption in unanaesthetised pigs. Archives of Animal Nutrition 6, 463479.Google Scholar
Widdowson, E. M., Southgate, D. A. T. & Hey, E. N. (1979). Body composition of the fetus and infant. In Nutrition and Metabolism of the fetus and infant. pp. 169177 [Visser, H. K. A., editor]. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Yoshida, A. & Moritoki, K. (l974). Nitrogen sparing action of methione and threonine in rats receiving a protein-free diet. Nutrition Reports International 9, 159168.Google Scholar
Young, V. R. (1987). Kinetics of human amino acid metabolism. Nutritional implications and some lessons. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, 709725.Google Scholar
Young, V. R., Bier, D. M. & Pellett, P. L. (1989). A theoretical basis for increasing current estimates of the amino acids requirements in adult man, with experimental support. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 8092.Google Scholar
Young, V. R. & Pellett, P. L. (1988). How to evaluate dietary protein. In Milk Proteins, pp. 736 [Barth, C. A. and Schlimme, E., editors]. New York: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar