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The role of nonlinear toroidal flux loss due to flux emergence in the long-term evolution of the solar cycle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2024

Akash Biswas Open the ORCID record for Akash Biswas [Opens in a new window]
Akash Biswas*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
*
email: [email protected]
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Abstract

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A striking feature of the solar cycle is that at the beginning, sunspots appear around mid-latitudes, and over time the latitudes of emergences migrate towards the equator. The maximum level of activity varies from cycle to cycle. For strong cycles, the activity begins early and at higher latitudes with wider sunspot distributions than for weak cycles. The activity and the width of sunspot belts increase rapidly and begin to decline when the belts are still at high latitudes. However, in the late stages of the cycles, the level of activity, and properties of the butterfly wings all have the same statistical properties independent of the peak strength of the cycles. We have modelled these features using Babcock–Leighton type dynamo model and shown that the toroidal flux loss from the solar interior due to magnetic buoyancy is an essential nonlinearity that leads to all the cycles decline in the same way.

Keywords

Solar DynamoSolar CyclesSolar Magnetism
Type
Contributed Paper
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 19 , Symposium S365: Dynamics of Solar and Stellar Convection Zones and Atmospheres , December 2023 , pp. 118 - 123
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

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