Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:25:34.122Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Lupus disks with faint CO isotopologues: low gas/dust or high carbon depletion?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2018

Anna Miotello*
Affiliation:
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands email: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

With the advent of ALMA, complete surveys of gas and dust in protoplanetary disks are being carried out in different star forming regions. In particular, continuum emission is used to trace the large (mm-sized) dust grains and CO isotopologues are observed in order to trace the bulk of the gas. The attempt is to simultaneously constrain the gas and dust disk mass as well as the gas/dust mass ratio. In this work the observations from the Lupus disk survey have been analyzed with thermo-chemical disk models, including radiative transfer, CO isotope-selective processes and freeze-out. We find that CO-based gas masses are very low, often smaller than 1MJ. Moreover, gas/dust mass ratios are much lower than value of 100 found in the ISM, being mainly between 1 and 10. This result can be interpreted either as rapid loss of gas, or as a chemical effect removing carbon from CO and locking it into more complex molecules or in larger bodies. Current data cannot distinguish between the two scenarios (except for sources with detected HD lines), but future observations of e.g. [CI] and hydrocarbon lines will help to calibrate CO-based gas masses and to constrain disk gas masses.

Type
Contributed Papers
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2018 

References

Aikawa, Y., Miyama, S. M., Nakano, T., & Umebayashi, T., 1996, ApJ, 467, 684Google Scholar
Aikawa, Y., van Zadelhoff, G. J., van Dishoeck, E. F., & Herbst, E., 2002, A&A, 386, 622Google Scholar
Alcalá, J. M., Natta, A., Manara, C. F., et al. 2014, A&A, 561, A2Google Scholar
Alcalá, J. M., Manara, C. F., Natta, A., et al. 2017, A&A, 600, A20Google Scholar
Andrews, S. M., Wilner, D. J., Hughes, A. M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 744, 162Google Scholar
Andrews, S. M., 2015, PASP, 127, 961Google Scholar
Ansdell, M., Williams, J. P., van der Marel, N., et al. 2016, ApJ, 828, 46Google Scholar
Barenfeld, S. A., Carpenter, J. M., Ricci, L., & Isella, A., 2016, ApJ, 827, 142Google Scholar
Bergin, E. A., Cleeves, L. I., Gorti, U., et al. 2013, Nature, 493, 644Google Scholar
Bergin, E. A., Cleeves, L. I., Crockett, N., & Blake, G. A., 2014, Faraday Discussions, 168, 61Google Scholar
Boneberg, D. M., Panić, O., Haworth, T. J., Clarke, C. J., & Min, M., 2016, MNRAS, 461, 385Google Scholar
Dartois, E., Dutrey, A., & Guilloteau, S., 2003, A&A, 399, 773Google Scholar
Du, F., Bergin, E. A., & Hogerheijde, M. R., 2015, ApJL, 807, L32Google Scholar
Eistrup, C., Walsh, C., & van Dishoeck, E. F., 2016, A&A, 595, A83Google Scholar
Favre, C., Cleeves, L. I., Bergin, E. A., Qi, C., & Blake, G. A., 2013, ApJL, 776, L38Google Scholar
Hartmann, L., Calvet, N., Gullbring, E., & D’Alessio, P., 1998, ApJ, 495, 385Google Scholar
Kama, M., Bruderer, S., van Dishoeck, E. F., et al. 2016, A&A, 592, A83Google Scholar
Manara, C. F., Rosotti, G., Testi, L., et al. 2016, A&A, 591, L3Google Scholar
Miotello, A., Bruderer, S., & van Dishoeck, E. F., 2014, A&A, 572, AA96Google Scholar
Miotello, A., van Dishoeck, E. F., Kama, M., & Bruderer, S., 2016, A&A, 594, A85Google Scholar
Miotello, A., van Dishoeck, E. F., Williams, J. P., et al. 2017, A&A, 599, A113Google Scholar
Panić, O., Hogerheijde, M. R., Wilner, D., & Qi, C., 2008, A&A, 491, 219Google Scholar
Pascucci, I., Gorti, U., Hollenbach, D., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 1177Google Scholar
Panić, O., Hogerheijde, M. R., Wilner, D., & Qi, C., 2009, A&A, 501, 269Google Scholar
Pascucci, I., Testi, L., Herczeg, G. J., et al. 2016, ApJ, 831, 125Google Scholar
Rosotti, G. P., Clarke, C. J., Manara, C. F., & Facchini, S., 2017, MNRAS, 468, 1631Google Scholar
Thi, W. F., van Dishoeck, E. F., Blake, G. A., et al. 2001, ApJ, 561, 1074Google Scholar
Trapman, L., Miotello, A., Kama, M., van Dishoeck, E. F., & Bruderer, S., 2017, A&A, 605, A69Google Scholar
van Zadelhoff, G.-J., van Dishoeck, E. F., Thi, W.-F., & Blake, G. A., 2001, A&A, 377, 566Google Scholar
Visser, R., van Dishoeck, E. F., & Black, J. H., 2009, A&A, 503, 323Google Scholar