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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 September 2016
In the last decade, significant progress has been made to understand the evolution with redshift of star formation processes in galaxies. Its is now clear that the majority of galaxies at z<3 form a nearly linear correlation between their stellar mass and star formation rates and appear to create most of their stars in timescales of ~1 Gyr. At the highest luminosities, a significant fraction of galaxies deviate from this main-sequence, showing short duty cycles and thus producing most of their stars in a single burst of star formation within ~100 Myr, being likely driven by major merger activity. Despite the large luminosities of starbursts, main-sequence galaxies appear to dominate the star formation density of the Universe at its peak.
While progress has been impressive, a number of questions are still unanswered. In this paper, I briefly review our current observational understanding of this main-sequence vs starburst galaxy paradigm, and address how future observations will help us to have better insights into the fundamental properties of the interstellar medium of these galaxies. Finally, I show recent attempts to conduct molecular deep field observations and the motivation to perform molecular deep field spectroscopy with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array.