Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 December 2005
It is shown that there is no underlying basic theory which will lead to the idea that the lightest isotopes were produced in an early universe. Everything depends on the choice of the initial ratio of the energy density of photons to baryons that is chosen (originally by Gamow and his colleagues). There is a clear alternative for the origin of the light isotopes. This is that they were generated by hydrogen burning in stars which produces the helium directly while $^{2}D$ and $^{7}Li$ are produced by flare activity in stellar atmospheres. All of this activity takes place in the centers of active galaxies where matter is being created in a cyclic (quasi-steady) state universe.