Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T03:49:50.077Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

HOW GAME AND GAME PRINCIPLES FACILITATE THE CO-DESIGN PROCESSES: REFLECTIONS ON TWO CASE STUDIES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2021

Ziheng Zhang  and
Francesco Zurlo
Ziheng Zhang*
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Milano
Francesco Zurlo
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Milano
*
Zhang, Ziheng, Politecnico di Milano, Design, Italy, [email protected]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The increasing need to motivate and engage participants in the co-design has led to the trend of employing game elements in the early phase of the design process to facilitate the activities. However, most have described the gamified co-design by its methods, purposes, and functions. How games theoretically contribute to achieving those goals is still uncovered. This research aims to bridge this theoretical-practical gap by first defining the game principles from the literature. Then investigate how those principles manifested in two case studies with detailed game elements. Finally, we present a framework that links the game principles and purposes/functions by reflecting the cases.

Keywords

Collaborative designCase studyDesign processEarly design phases
Type
Article
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society , Volume 1: ICED21 , August 2021 , pp. 1745 - 1754
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

Almqvist, F. (2017) ‘The fuzzy front-end and the forgotten back-end: User involvement in later development phases’, The Design Journal. Taylor & Francis, 20(sup1), pp. S2524–S2533.Google Scholar
Andersen, L. B. et al. (2015) ‘International Journal of CoCreation in Design and the Arts Participation as a matter of concern in participatory design’, CoDesign. Taylor & Francis, 0882, pp. 1–12. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2015.1081246.Google Scholar
Binder, T., Brandt, E. and Gregory, J. (2008) ‘Design participation(-s) – a creative commons for ongoing change’, CoDesign, 4(2), pp. 79–83. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710880802114458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, E. 2010. “Playing Design Games: Programmatic Vision.” In Rehearsing the Future, edited by Halse, J., Brandt, E., Clark, B., and Binder, T., 131–134. Copenhagen: The Danish Design School Press.Google Scholar
Brandt, E., 2006, August. Designing exploratory design games: a framework for participation in participatory design?. In Proceedings of the ninth conference on Participatory design: Expanding boundaries in design-Volume 1 (pp. 57-66).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bratteteig, T., & Wagner, I. (2016). Unpacking the Notion of Participation in Participatory Design. Computer Supported Cooperative Work: CSCW: An International Journal, 25(6), 425–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-016-9259-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J. (2015) ‘Flow in Games - a Jenova Chen MFA Thesis’, pp. 18–24. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1232743.1232769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Design Council. (2015). Innovation by design: How design enables science and technology research to achieve greater impact. http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/sites/default/files/asset/document/innovation-by-design.pdfGoogle Scholar
Designthinkers.(2009).5 steps service innovation method. http://designthinkers.blogspot.no/2009/01/5-steps-service-innovation-method.html.Google Scholar
Douglas, Y., & Hargadon, A. (2000). The pleasure principle: immersion, engagement, flow. In Proceedings of the eleventh ACM on Hypertext and hypermedia (pp. 153-160).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driskell, J. E. and Dwyer, D. J. (1984) ‘Microcomputer videogame based training’, Educational technology. JSTOR, 24(2), pp. 11–16.Google Scholar
Elizabeth, B.-N. Sanders & Pieter Jan, Stappers (2008) Co-creation and the new landscapes of design, Co-Design, 4:1, 5–18, https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710880701875068.Google Scholar
Fullerton, T. (2014) Game design workshop: a playcentric approach to creating innovative games. CRC press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habraken, H. J., and Gross, M. D.. 1987. Concept Design Games (Book 1 and 2). A report submitted to the National Science Foundation Engineering Directorate, Design Methodology Program, Department of Architecture, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139.Google Scholar
Halskov, K. and Hansen, N. B. (2015) ‘The diversity of participatory design research practice’, Journal of Human Computer Studies. Elsevier, 74, pp. 81–92. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.09.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huizinga, J. 1950. Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play Element in Culture. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, Roy Publishers.Google Scholar
Human, I. J. et al. (2017) ‘Children's emotions and quality of products in participatory game design’, Journal of Human Computer Studies. Elsevier Ltd, 101(December 2016), pp. 45–61. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.01.006.Google Scholar
Iversen, O. S., and Buur, J.. 2002. “Design is a Game: Developing Design Competence in a Game Setting.” In Proceedings of Participatory Design Conference (PDC'02), 22–28. Malmö: CPSR.Google Scholar
Malaby, T. M. (2007) ‘Beyond play: A new approach to games’, Games and culture. Sage publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA, 2(2), pp. 95–113.Google Scholar
Malone, T. W. and Lepper, M. R. (1987) ‘Making Learning Fun, A Taxonomy of intrinsic Motivations for Learning.’, pp. 223–253.Google Scholar
Montoya-Weiss, Mitzi M., & O'Driscoll, Tony M. (2000). From experience: Applying performance support technology in the fuzzy front-end. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(2), 143–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patrício, R., Moreira, A. C. and Zurlo, F. (2018) ‘Gamification approaches to the early stage of innovation’, Creativity and Innovation Management, 27(4), pp. 499–511. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caim.12284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patricio, R. et al. (2020) ‘Co-creation of new solutions through gamification: A collaborative innovation practice’, Creativity and Innovation Management, ( November 2019), pp. 146–160. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caim.12356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patrício, R. and Morozumi, R. (2018) ‘Gamification for service design and Innovation: ideaChef® method and tool’, ServDes2018 - Service Design Proof of Concept, (June), p. 16.Google Scholar
Porcini, M. (2009) ‘Your new design process is not enough—hire design thinkers!’, Design Management Review. Wiley Online Library, 20(3), pp. 6–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salen, K., and Zimmerman, E.. (2004). Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. England: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Salen, K. and Zimmerman, E. (2003) ‘Game Design and Meaningful Play’, Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals, pp. 59–79.Google Scholar
Schwartz, L. (2006) ‘Fantasy, realism, and the other in recent video games’, Space and Culture, 9(3), pp. 313–325. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331206289019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharon, T. and Woolley, J. D. (2004) ‘Do monsters dream? Young children's understanding of the fantasy/reality distinction’, British Journal of Developmental Psychology. Wiley Online Library, 22(2), pp. 293–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sicart, M. (2008) ‘Defining game mechanics’, Game Studies, 8(2), p. n.Google Scholar
Smith, P. G. and Reinertsen, D. G. (1998) Developing products in half the time: new rules, new tools. Van Nostrand Reinhold New York.Google Scholar
Smith, P. G. and Reinertsen, D. G. (1998) ‘Faster to market’, Mechanical Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 120(12), pp. 68–70.Google Scholar
Suits, B. (2014) The Grasshopper-: Games, Life and Utopia. Broadview Press.Google Scholar
Vaajakallio, K. and Mattelmäki, T. (2014) ‘International Journal of CoCreation in Design and the Arts Design games in co-design: as a tool, a mindset and a structure’, CoDesign. Taylor & Francis, pp. 63–77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2014.881886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar