Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T23:39:48.936Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING MENTAL IMAGERY IN DESIGN COGNITION RESEARCH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2023

Rebecca Louise Macfie*
Affiliation:
University of Strathclyde
Laura Anne Hay
Affiliation:
University of Strathclyde
Paul Rodgers
Affiliation:
University of Strathclyde
*
Macfie, Rebecca Louise, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom, [email protected]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Mental imagery is the experience of perceiving an object within one's own mind and is a subjective experience, leading to difficulties in the research and understanding of the phenomenon. This paper documents the development and verification of a framework for researching the elements of mental imagery. The framework was developed following a review of both psychology and design literature which signified three fundamental conceptual viewpoints of mental imagery: imagery modalities, dimensions of imagery ability, and imagery processes. The aim of this framework is to allow for structured research on mental imagery in any given research field. This is verified through discussion for the product design engineering discipline and provides a base for future work on this topic. The conclusions made in this paper reveal that mental imagery, and particularly visual mental imagery, is largely considered to be integral in design overlooking the different realities of designers and confirming a greater need to understand mental imagery experiences in product design engineering.

Type
Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

Allen, A.D. (2010) Complex Spatial Skills: The Link Between Visualization and Creativity, Creativity Research Journal, 22(3), pp.241249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrade, J., et al. (2014) Assessing vividness of mental imagery: The Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire, The British journal of psychology, 105(4), pp.-547-563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Athavankar, U.A. (1997) Mental Imagery as a Design Tool, Cybernetics and systems, 28(1), pp.2542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bainbridge, W.A. et al. (2021) Quantifying aphantasia through drawing: Those without visual imagery show deficits in object but not spatial memory, Cortex, 135, pp.159172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bensafi, M. et al. (2012) Olfactory and Gustatory Mental Imagery: Modulation by Sensory Experience and Comparison to Auditory Mental Imagery, in Multisensory Imagery. New York, NY: Springer New York, pp.7791.Google Scholar
Bilda, Z., Gero, J.S. and Purcell, T. (2006) To sketch or not to sketch? That is the question, Design studies, 27(5), pp.587613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bilda, Z. and Gero, J.S. (2008) Idea Development Can Occur Using Imagery Only, Design Computing and Cognition08, pp.303320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casakin, H. and Kreitler, S. (2011) The cognitive profile of creativity in design, Thinking skills and creativity, 6(3), pp.159168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cui, X. et al. (2007) Vividness of mental imagery: Individual variability can be measured objectively, Vision research (Oxford), 47(4), pp.474478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Argembeau, A. and Van der Linden, M. (2006) Individual differences in the phenomenology of mental time travel: The effect of vivid visual imagery and emotion regulation strategies, Consciousness and cognition, 15(2), pp.342350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dahl, D.W., Chattopadhyay, A. and Gorn, G.J. (1999) The use of visual mental imagery in new product design, Journal of marketing research, 36(1), pp.1828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, D.W., Chattopadhyay, A. and Gorn, G.J. (2001) The importance of visualisation in concept design, Design studies, 22(1), pp.526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J.I. et al. (2012) Four Applications of Embodied Cognition, Topics in cognitive science, 4(4), pp.786793.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dijkstra, N. et al. (2017) Distinct top-down and bottom-up brain connectivity during visual perception and imagery, Scientific reports, 7(1), pp.5677-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dijkstra, N. et al. (2019) Between-subject variability in the influence of mental imagery on conscious perception, Scientific reports, 9(1), pp.15658–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dijkstra, N., Bosch, S.E. and van Gerven, M.A.J. (2019) Shared Neural Mechanisms of Visual Perception and Imagery, Trends in cognitive sciences, 23(5), pp.423434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floridou, G.A., Peerdeman, K.J. and Schaefer, R.S. (2022) Individual differences in mental imagery in different modalities and levels of intentionality, Memory & cognition, 50(1), pp. 2944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallace, A. (2012) Somesthetic Mental Imagery, in Multisensory Imagery. New York, NY: Springer New York, pp.2950.Google Scholar
Gallagher, J. (2019) Aphantasia: Ex-Pixar chief Ed Catmull says ‘my mind's eye is blind’, BBC News: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-47830256, accessed 14:15 03/11/2022.Google Scholar
Gero, J.S. and Milovanovic, J. (2020) A framework for studying design thinking through measuring designers' minds, bodies and brains, Design Science, 6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldschmidt, G. (1991) The dialectics of sketching, Creativity research journal, 4(2), pp. 123143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldschmidt, G. (1994) On visual design thinking: the vis kids of architecture, Design studies, 15(2), pp.158174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldschmidt, G. (2007) To see eye to eye: the role of visual representations in building shared mental models in design teams, CoDesign, 3(1), pp.4350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, E. and Hay, L. (2022) Do you see what I see? Exploring vividness of visual mental imagery in product design ideation, Proceedings of the Design Society, 2, pp. 881890.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawley, J. (2022) Windows to the soul: Pupils reveal ‘aphantasia’, the absence of visual imagination, UNSW Newsroom: https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science-tech/windows-soul-pupils-reveal-aphantasia-absence-visual-imagination, accessed 14:17 03/11/2022.Google Scholar
Hay, L. et al. (2017) A systematic review of protocol studies on conceptual design cognition: Design as search and exploration, Design Science, 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herd, K.B. and Mehta, R. (2019) Head versus Heart: The Effect of Objective versus Feelings-Based Mental Imagery on New Product Creativity, The Journal of consumer research, 46(1), pp.3652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, E.A. and Mathews, A. (2010) Mental imagery in emotion and emotional disorders, Clinical psychology review, 30(3), pp.349362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holtrop, D. et al. (2021) Do social desirability scales measure dishonesty?: A think-aloud study, European journal of psychological assessment: official organ of the European Association of Psychological Assessment, 37(4), pp.274282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ji, J.L. et al. (2022) Emotional mental imagery generation during spontaneous future thinking: relationship with optimism and negative mood, Psychological research, 86(2), pp.617626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kavakli, M. and Gero, J.S. (2001) Sketching as mental imagery processing, Design studies, 22(4), pp.347364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keogh, R. and Pearson, J. (2018) The blind mind: No sensory visual imagery in aphantasia, Cortex, 105, pp.5360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kosslyn, S.M., Behrmann, M. and Jeannerod, M. (1995) The cognitive neuroscience of mental imagery, Neuropsychologia, 33(11), pp.13351344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kozhevnikov, M. et al. (2013) Creativity, visualization abilities, and visual cognitive style, British journal of educational psychology, 83(2), pp.196209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laeng, B. and Sulutvedt, U. (2014) The Eye Pupil Adjusts to Imaginary Light, Psychological science, 25(1), pp.188197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawrie, E., Hay, L. and Wodehouse, A. [In press] A classification of methods and constructs in design cognition research, Design Computing and Cognition '22.Google Scholar
Maciel, I.M. et al. (2021) Mental Imagery for Multisensory Designers: Insights for Non-visual Design Cognition, in Design for Tomorrow—Volume 1. Singapore: Springer Singapore (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies), pp.109118.Google Scholar
Milton, F. et al. (2021) Behavioral and Neural Signatures of Visual Imagery Vividness Extremes: Aphantasia versus Hyperphantasia, Cerebral Cortex Communications, 2(2).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nanay, B. (2018) Multimodal mental imagery, Cortex, 105, pp.125134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oxman, R. (2002) The thinking eye: visual re-cognition in design emergence, Design studies, 23(2), pp.135164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmiero, M. et al. (2016) Editorial: Creativity and mental imagery, Frontiers in psychology, 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, D.G. (2007) Mental Imagery and Creative Thought, in Imaginative Minds. British Academy (Proceedings of the British Academy).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, J. (2019) The human imagination: the cognitive neuroscience of visual mental imagery, Nature reviews - Neuroscience, 20(10), pp.624634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearson, J., Rademaker, R.L. and Tong, F. (2011) Evaluating the Mind's Eye: The Metacognition of Visual Imagery, Psychological science, 22(12), pp.15351542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, M. et al. (1995) A Redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse Mental Rotations Test - Different Versions and Factors That Affect Performance, Brain and cognition, 28(1), pp.3958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rhodes, J.W. (1981) Relationships Between Vividness of Mental Imagery and Creative Thinking, The Journal of creative behavior, 15(2), pp.9098.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, J. (1991) Imagery and the Brain, in Imagery and Cognition. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp.145.Google Scholar
Taruffi, L. and Küssner, M.B. (2019) A Review of Music-Evoked Visual Mental Imagery: Conceptual Issues, Relation to Emotion, and Functional Outcome, Psychomusicology, 29(2-3), pp.6274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tedjosaputro, M.A. et al. (2014) Multidisciplinary Design Behaviour Using Sketching and Mental Imagery: A Literature Review and Considerations for Future Research, in ICoRD’15 – Research into Design Across Boundaries Volume 1. New Delhi: Springer India (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies), pp.2737.Google Scholar
Tedjosaputro, M.A. and Shih, Y.-T. (2019) A Visualization Tool to Investigate the Interplay of External and Internal Processes, in Design Computing and Cognition '18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp.669686.Google Scholar
Voyer, D. et al. (2020) Sex Differences in Tests of Mental Rotation: Direct Manipulation of Strategies With Eye-Tracking, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, 46(9), pp.871889.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zeman, A., Dewar, M. and Della Sala, S. (2015) Lives without imagery – Congenital aphantasia, Cortex, 73, pp.378380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zeman, A. (2021) Blind Mind's Eye: People with aphantasia cannot visualize imagery, a trait that highlights the complexities of imagination and mental representation, American scientist, 109(2), p.110.Google Scholar