Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T10:05:05.876Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BEGINNING AND ADVANCED STUDENTS USING SPECIFIC ANALOGICAL STIMULI DURING DESIGN-BY-ANALOGY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2021

Jiang Xu ,
Han Lu  and
Yu Jiang
Jiang Xu
Affiliation:
College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University
Han Lu*
Affiliation:
College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University
Yu Jiang
Affiliation:
College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University
*
Lu, Han, Tongji University, College of Design and Innovation, China, People's Republic of, [email protected]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Studies reported the effects of different types and different levels of abstraction of analogical stimuli on designers. However, specific, single visual analogical stimuli on the effects of designers have not been reported. We define this type of stimuli as specific analogical stimuli. We used the extended linkography method to analyze the facilitating and limiting effects of specific analogical stimuli and free association analogical stimuli (nonspecific analogical stimuli) on the students' creativity at different design levels. The results showed that: (1) Advanced students focused on exploring the depth of the design problem while beginning students tended to explore the breadth of the design problem. (2) Nonspecific analogical stimuli enhanced the creativity of beginning students. However, its impact on advanced students is less pronounced. (3) The specific analogical stimuli attract the students into design fixation. Furthermore, it has a more pronounced effect on advanced students. These results illustrate the differences in the effects of specific analogy stimuli on the students at different design levels. It clarifies the use of analogical stimuli in design and the teaching of analogical design methods in design education.

Keywords

Specific analogical stimuliExtended linkographyCreativityDesign methodsDesign process
Type
Article
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society , Volume 1: ICED21 , August 2021 , pp. 1273 - 1282
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

Alipour, L. et al. (2017), “The impact of designers' goals on design-by-analogy”, Design Studies, Vol. 51, pp. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2017.04.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Obaidi, Y. A. and Pitts, G. (1995), “Using an analogies approach to the selection of bought-in components”, Journal of Engineering Design, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 107–123. http://doi.org/10.1080/09544829508907907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appleton, E. A. and Short, T. D. (2008), “New product development 'according to Hoyle': part 1—the analogy”, Journal of Engineering Design, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 285–298. http://doi.org/10.1080/09544820701402880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanchette, I. and Dunbar, K. (2000), “How analogies are generated: The roles of structural and superficial similarity”, Memory and Cognition, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp.108-124. http://doi.org/10.3758/bf03211580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clement, C. A., and Gentner, D. (1991), “Systematicity as a selection constraint in analogical mapping”, Cognitive Science, Vol.15 No.1, pp.89-132. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1501_3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, H., Do, E. Y.-L. and Zimring, C. M. (2010), “Extended linkography and distance graph in design evaluation: An empirical study of the dual effects of inspiration sources in creative design”, Design Studies, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp.146–168. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2009.12.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, J. et al. (2018), “Differences between beginning and advanced design students in analogical reasoning during idea generation: evidence from eye movements”, Cognition, Technology and Work, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp.505–520. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0477-z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casakin, H. and Goldschmidt, G. (1999), “Expertise and the use of visual analogy: implications for design education”, Design Studies, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp.153–175. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-694x(98)00032-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casakin, H. and Goldschmidt, G. (2000), “Reasoning by visual analogy in design problem-solving: The role of guidance”, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp.105-119. http://doi.org/10.1068/b2565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casakin, H. (2004), “Visual analogy as a cognitive strategy in the design process. Expert versus novice performance”, Journal of Design Research, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp.197-217. http://doi.org/10.1504/jdr.2004.009846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, J. et al. (2011), “On the benefits and pitfalls of analogies for innovative design: Ideation performance based on analogical distance, commonness, and modality of examples”, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 133 No. 8, p.081004. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4004396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, J. & Schunn, C., (2014), “The impact of analogies on creative concept generation: Lessons from an in vivo study in engineering design”, Cognitive Science, Vol. 39 No. 1, pp.126–155. http://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chou, A. and Shu, L. H. (2015), “Using analogies to explain versus inspire concepts”, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp.135–146. http://doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, B. T. and Schunn, C. D. (2007), “The relationship of analogical distance to analogical function and preinventive structure: The case of engineering design”, Memory and Cognition, Vol. 35 No. 1, pp.29–38. http://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195939.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cardoso, C. and Badke-Schaub, P. (2009), “Idea fixation in design: the influence of pictures and words”, International Conference on Research into Design (ICoRD' 09), Bangalore, January 2009, pp.51–58.Google Scholar
De Bono, E. (1990). Lateral Thinking, Penguin Books, London.Google Scholar
El-Khouly, T. and Penn, A. (2014), “On an integrated analytical approach to describe quality design process in light of deterministic information theory”, In: Gero, J. S. (Ed.), Design Computing and Cognition '12, Springer, Berlin, pp. 451–470. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9112-0_25.Google Scholar
Fu, K. et al. (2014), “Bio-Inspired design: An overview investigating open questions from the broader field of design-by-analogy”, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 136 No. 11, p.111102. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gentner, D. (1988). “Structure-Mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy”. Readings in Cognitive Science, Vol. 22 No.3, pp.303–310. http://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-1446-7.50026-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldschmidt, G. (1990), “Linkography: Assessing design productivity”, In: Trappl, R. (Ed.), Cybernetics and System '90, World Scientific, Singapore, pp.291-298.Google Scholar
Goldschmidt, G. (2001), “Visual analogy: A strategy for design reasoning and learning”, In: C. Eastman, C., Mccracken, M., Newsletter, W. (Ed.), Design Knowing and Learning: Cognition in Design Education. Elsevier, New York, pp. 199–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008043868-9/50009-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldschmidt, G., and Smolkov, M. (2006), “Variances in the impact of visual stimuli on design problems solving performance”, Design Studies, Vol. 27 No. 5, pp.549-569. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2006.01.002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helms, M. and Goel, A. K. (2014), “The four-box method: Problem formulation and analogy evaluation in biologically inspired design”, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 136 No. 11, p. 111106. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, T., Culley, S., Dekoninck, E., (2011), “Reuse of ideas and concepts for creative stimuli in engineering design”, Journal of Engineering Design, Vol. 22 No. 8, pp.565-581. http://doi.org/10.1080/09544821003598573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansson, D., and Smith, S. (1991), “Design fixation”, Design Studies, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp.3–11. http://doi.org/10.1016/0142-694x(91)90003-f.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kan, J. W. T. and Gero, J. S. (2005), “Can entropy indicate the richness of idea generation in team designing? ”, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2005), New Delhi (India), 28-30 April 2005, pp. 451–457.Google Scholar
Kan, J. W. T. and Gero, J. S. (2008), “Acquiring information from linkography in protocol studies of designing”, Design Studies, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp.315–337. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2008.03.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keshwani, S. and Chakrabarti, A. (2016), “Influence of analogical domains and comprehensiveness in explanation of analogy on the novelty of designs”, Research in Engineering Design, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp.381–410. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-016-0246-z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, J.N., Xu, B.C., Ding, L. (2017), “Three different kinds of bio-inspired design of high-speed train head”, Packaging Engineering, Vol. 38 No. 2, pp.26-30.Google Scholar
Moreno, D. P. et al. (2016), “Overcoming design fixation: Design by analogy studies and nonintuitive findings”, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp.185–199. http://doi.org/10.1017/s0890060416000068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngo, P., Turner, C. J. and Linsey, J. S. (2014), “Identifying trends in analogy usage for innovation: A cross-sectional product study”, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 136 No. 11, p.111109. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nijstad, B., and Stroebe, W. (2006), “How the group affects the mind: a cognitive model of idea generation in groups”, Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp.186-213. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Rourke, J. M. and Seepersad, C. C. (2015), “Toward a methodology for systematically generating energy-and materials-efficient concepts using biological analogies”, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 137 No. 9, p. 091101. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4030877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perttula, M. and Sipilä, P. (2007), “The idea exposure paradigm in design idea generation”, Journal of Engineering Design, Vol. 18 No.1, pp.93–102. http://doi.org/10.1080/09544820600679679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purcell, A. T., and Gero, J. S. (1996), “Design and other types of fixation”, Design Studies, Vol. 17 No.4, pp.363-383. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-694x(96)00023-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paletz, S.B.F., Schunn, C.D. & Kim, K.H. (2013), “The interplay of conflict and analogy in multidisciplinary teams”, Cognition, Vol. 126 No.1, pp.1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.07.020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Lugt, R. (2000), “Developing a graphic tool for creative problem solving in design groups”, Design Studies, Vol. 21 No. 5, pp.505-522. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-694x(00)00021-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar