Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-h6jzd Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2025-02-16T23:01:10.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

APPLICATION OF A HOLISTIC APPROACH OF HYDROGEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (HICE) BUSSES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2021

Vahid Douzloo Salehi
Vahid Douzloo Salehi*
Affiliation:
Munich University of Applied Sciences
*
Salehi, Vahid, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Mechatronics, Germany, [email protected]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Hydrogen is a promising fuel to fulfil climate goals and future legislation requirements due to its carbon-free property. Especially hydrogen fueled buses and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) strongly move into the foreground. In contrast to the hydrogen-based fuel cell technology, which is already in commercial use, vehicles with hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICE) are also a currently pursued field of research, representing a potentially holistic carbon-free drive train. Real applications of H2-ICE vehicles are currently not known but can be expected, since their suitability is put to test in a few insolated projects at this time. This paper provides a literature survey to reflect the current state of H2-ICEs focused on city buses. An extended view to HDVs and fuel cell technology allows to recognize trends in hydrogen transport sector, to identify further research potential and to derive useful conclusion. In addition, within this paper we apply green MAGIC as a holistic approach and discuss Well-to-Tank green hydrogen supply in relation to a H2-ICE city bus. Building on that, we introduce the upcoming Hydrogen-bus project, where tests of H2-ICE buses in real driving mode are foreseen to investigate Tank-to-Wheel.

Keywords

SustainabilityCircular economyProduct Lifecycle Management (PLM)
Type
Article
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society , Volume 1: ICED21 , August 2021 , pp. 477 - 486
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

Adolf, J., Balzer, C.H., Louis, J., Schabla, U., Fischedick, M., Arnold, M., Pastowski, A. and Schüwer, D. (2017), Shell Wasserstoff-Studie: Energie der Zukunft?, Shell Deutschland Oil GmbH, Hamburg.Google Scholar
Ambel, C.C. (2017), Roadmap to climate-friendly land freight and buses in Europe, Transport & Environment, Brussels.Google Scholar
Delago, O. and Muncrief, R. (2016), “New Study on Technology Potential for EU Tractor-Trailers”, Road to Efficiency Workshop, Brussels, June 09, 2016, ICCT, Brussels.Google Scholar
Eichlseder, H., Grabner, P. and Schaffer, K. (2020), “Internal Combustion Engine – An Alternative Energy Converter for Hydrogen”, TU Graz research No. 23, pp. 27–30.Google Scholar
El Hannach, M., Ahmadi, P., Guzman, L., Pickup, S. and Kjeang, E. (2019), “Life cycle assessment of hydrogen and diesel dual-fuel class 8 heavy duty trucks”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 44 No. 16, pp. 8575–8584. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eliasson, C. and Martens, F. (2020), Joint Venture between the Volvo Group and Daimler Truck AG [online], Volvo Group, available at: https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2020/apr/news-3640568.html (accessed 23 November 2020).Google Scholar
EMCEL (2019), Was kostet grüner Wasserstoff? [online], EMCEL, available at: https://emcel.com/de/was-kostet-gruener-h2/ (accessed 23 November 2020).Google Scholar
European Union (2009), “Directive 2009/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles Text with EEA relevance”, Official Journal of the European Union No. L 120, pp. 5–12.Google Scholar
European Union (2014), WELL-TO-WHEELS Report version 4.a. https://dx.doi.org/10.2790/95533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EUROSTAT (2020), Share of renewable energy in the EU up to 18.0% [online], available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10335438/8-23012020-AP-EN.pdf/292cf2e5-8870-4525-7ad7-188864ba0c29 (accessed 23 November 2020).Google Scholar
FAU (2020), Gemeinsamer Wasserstoff-Campus [online], FAU, available at: https://www.fau.de/2020/10/news/panorama/gemeinsamer-wasserstoff-campus/ (accessed 23 November 2020).Google Scholar
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (2018), Strategies for joint procurement of fuel cell buses. https://dx.doi.org/10.2843/459429.Google Scholar
Gnann, T., Plötz, P., Wietschel, M. and Kühn, A. (2017), “What is the best alternative drive train for heavy road transport?”, EVS30 Symposium, Stuttgart, October 9 - 11, 2017, Fraunhofer ISI, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Guandalini, G. and Campanari, S. (2018), “Well-to-wheel driving cycle simulations for freight transportation: battery and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles”, pp. 1–6. https://dx.doi.org/10.23919/EETA.2018.8493216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, P., Tong, D., Wang, J., Zhuge, W., Yan, C., Wu, Y., Luo, S., He, X. and Ma, F. (2020), “Well-to-wheels total energy and GHG emissions of HCNG heavy-duty vehicles in China: Case of EEV qualified EURO 5 emissions scenario”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 45 No. 15, pp. 8002–8014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.01.025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
H2Bus (2020), Presenting the H2Bus Consortium [online], H2Bus, available at: https://h2bus.eu/ (accessed 23 November 2020).Google Scholar
H2Haul (2020), About the H2Haul project [online], H2Haul, available at: https://www.h2haul.eu/about/ (accessed 23 November 2020).Google Scholar
Huss, A. and Corneille, M. (2012), Wasserstoff-Tankstellen, Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Hydrogen Europe (2020), Project JIVE 2 [online], Hydrogen Europe, available at: https://hydrogeneurope.eu/project/jive-2 (accessed 23 November 2020).Google Scholar
Hyundai (2020), Hyundai Xcient FC [online], Hyundai Hydrogen Mobility, available at: https://hyundai-hm.com/en/unser-truck/ (accessed 23 November 2020).Google Scholar
IEA (2019), Global Energy & CO2 Status Report 2018, IEA, France by IEA.Google Scholar
IRENA (2019), Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective, IRENA, Abu Dhabi.Google Scholar
Klell, M., Eichlseder, H. and Trattner, A. (2018), Wasserstoff in der Fahrzeugtechnik, Springer, Wiesbaden. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20447-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klepatz, K., Zeilinga, S., Rottengruber, H., Koch, D., Prümm, F.W. and Sousa, A. (2019), “Verlustanalyse eines direkteinblasenden Wasserstoffverbrennungsmotors”, in Tschöke, H. and Marohn, R. (Eds.), 11. Tagung Einspritzung und Kraftstoffe 2018, Proceedings, Springer, Wiesbaden, pp. 395–422. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23181-1_20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kluschke, P., Gnann, T., Plötz, P. and Wietschel, M. (2019), “Market diffusion of alternative fuels and powertrains in heavy-duty vehicles: A literature review”, Energy Reports, Vol. 5, pp. 1010–1024. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.07.017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, D., Ebert, T. and Sousa, A. (2020), “Engine Adaptation from Diesel to H2 HP-EGR Lean Combustion Concept”, MTZ worldwide, Vol. 81 No. 5, pp. 30–37. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-020-0223-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korn, T. and Volpert, G. (2019), “The hybrid model of the new hydrogen combustion engine as the most efficient powertrain of tomorrow”, in Liebl, J. (Ed.), Der Antrieb von morgen 2019, Proceedings, Springer, Wiesbaden, pp. 87–101. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26056-9_6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lozanovski, A., Whitehouse, N., Ko, N. and Whitehouse, S. (2018), “Sustainability Assessment of Fuel Cell Buses in Public Transport”, Sustainability, Vol. 10 No. 5, p. 1480. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10051480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OECD/IEA (2017), The Future of Trucks, IEA, France by IEA.Google Scholar
Pachauri, R.K. and Mayer, L. (2015), Climate change 2014, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Reich, G. and Reppich, M. (2018), Regenerative Energietechnik, Springer, Wiesbaden. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20608-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reuter, B., Faltenbacher, M., Schuller, O., Whitehouse, N. and Whitehouse, S. (2017), New Bus ReFuelling for European Hydrogen Bus Depots, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, Leinfelden-Echterdingen.Google Scholar
Salehi, D.V. (2020), green MAGIC approach, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich.Google Scholar
Salehi, V. and Wang, S. (2019), “Munich Agile MBSE Concept (MAGIC)”, in Proceedings of the 22nd ICED 2019, The Netherlands, November 5 - 8, 2019, Munich University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.377.Google Scholar
Töpler, J. and Lehmann, J. (2017), Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzelle, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53360-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United Nations (2015), “2015 Paris Aggreement UNFCCC”, Conference of the Parties, Twenty-first session, Paris, November 30 - December 11, 2015, FCCC, Paris.Google Scholar
AG, VW (2020), MAN presents Zero-Emission Roadmap [online], VW AG, available at: https://www.volkswagenag.com/en/news/2020/10/MAN-presents-Zero-Emission-Roadmap.html (accessed 23 November 2020).Google Scholar
Wencker, T. and Kukuk, J. (2020), Energieträger Wasserstoff, ASUE: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für sparsamen und umweltfreundlichen Energieverbrauch e.V., Berlin.Google Scholar
Wietschel, M., Gnann, T., Thielmann, A. and Kühn, A. (2016), “Stand der Forschung, Marktpotenziale und Forschungsbedarf für Brennstoffzellen-LKW”, MKS-Fachworkshop, Berlin, June 30, 2016, Fraunhofer ISI, Berlin.Google Scholar
Yip, H.L., Srna, A., Yuen, A.C.Y., Kook, S., Taylor, R.A., Yeoh, G.H., Medwell, P.R. and Chan, Q.N. (2019), “A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion”, Applied Sciences, Vol. 9 No. 22, p. 4842. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar