Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T11:10:45.494Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The nutritive value of processed roughages for fattening cattle and sheep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

J. F. D. Greenhalgh  and
F. W. Wainman
J. F. D. Greenhalgh
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB2 9SB
F. W. Wainman
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB2 9SB
Get access

Extract

A roughage begins to be processed as soon as it is cut, receives further processing during preservation and possibly more after it has been preserved. At each stage, the processing has a potential or an actual effect on the nutritive value of the feed, but in this review we shall concern ourselves solely with processes applied after preservation has taken place. Roughages are processed mainly with the intention of increasing their energy value and their acceptability to the animal (although there may be other nutritional aims such as reducing the solubility of protein, or non-nutritional aims such as facilitating transportation or storage). Most of these processes are mechanical, but some—such as heat treatment—are better classified as physical and others —such as delignification with sodium hydroxide—are chemical.

Type
53rd Meeting, London, 5 to 7 March 1971 Symposium: Processing of Roughages
Information
Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) , Volume 1 , January 1972 , pp. 61 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Production 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ANONYMOUS. 1962. Pelleted hay for dairy heifers. A. Rep. Univ. Md agric. Exp. Sta. 74: 41 (3).Google Scholar
Beranger, C. and Jarrige, R. 1962. [Utilization of pelleted feeds by cattle. 1. Comparison of normal lucerne hay with pelleted lucerne hay for feeding fattening steers.] Annls Zootech. 11: 273–294.Google Scholar
Blaxter, K. L. and Graham, N. Mcc. 1955. Plane of nutrition and starch equivalents. J. agric Sci. Camb. 46: 292–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaxter, K. L. and Graham, N. Mcc. 1956. The effect of the grinding and cubing process on the utilization of the energy of dried grass. J. agric. Sci. Camb. 47: 207–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchman, D. T. and Hemken, R. W. 1964. Ad libitum intake and digestibility of several alfalfa hays by cattle and sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 47: 861–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campling, R. C. and Freer, M. 1966. Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by cows. 8. Experiments with ground, pelleted roughages. Br. J. Nutr. 20: 229–244. (1)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campling, R. C, Freer, M. and Balch, C. C. 1963. Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by cows. 6. A preliminary experiment with ground, pelleted hay. Br. J. Nutr. 17: 263–272. (1).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cowan, R. L., Keck, E., Miller, R. C, Merrit, T. L. and Ziegler, J. H. 1962. Effect of pelleting and gibberellic acid on the nutritive value of alfalfa by fattening lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 21: 137 (Abstr.) (3, 4, 5)Google Scholar
Cullison, A. E. 1961. Effect of physical form of the ration on steer performance and certain rumen phenomena. J. Anim. Sci. 20: 478–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demarquilly, C. and Journet, M. 1967. [Feeding value of pelleted hays. 1. Influence of type of hay and fineness of grinding on digestibility and amount eaten.] Annls Zootech. 16: 123–150 (1).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinusson, W. E., Bolin, D. W., Erickson, D. O., Haugse, C. N. and Buchanan, M. L. 1962. Physical forms of hay–Long? Chopped? Pelleted?–for steers. N. Dak. Fm. Res. 22: 4–10 (3).Google Scholar
Du Plessis, G. F. 1966. Feed intake, feed utilisation and changes in carcase of old wethers fattened on lucerne and maize. S. Afr. J. agric. Sci. 9: 341–354 (3, 4).Google Scholar
Fontenot, J. P. and Hopkins, H. A. 1965. Effect of physical form of different parts of lamb fattening rations on feedlot performance and digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 24: 62–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, E. B., Fries, J. A. and Braman, W. W. 1925. Net energy values of alfalfa hay and alfalfa meal. J. agric. Res. 31: 987–995.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, J. F. D. and Reid, G. W. 1969–1971. Unpublished data (1, 4).Google Scholar
Haenlein, G. F. W. and Holdren, R. D. 1965. Response of sheep to wafered hay having different physical characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 24: 810–818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, R. H., Staheli, D. L., Holleman, R. G. and Horn, L. H. 1959. Effect of stilbestrol and pelleting at two concentrate to roughage ratios on the performance and carcass quality of fattening lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 18: 1114–1118 (4, 5).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaney, D. P., Pigden, W. J., Minson, D. J. and Pritchard, G. I. 1963. Effect of pelleting on energy intake of sheep from forages cut at three stages of maturity. J. Anim. Sci. 22: 752–757 (1).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, J. 1968. A study of some factors influencing the intake of solid food by young calves. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Leeds (1, 2, 3).Google Scholar
Johnson, R. R., Ricketts, G. E., Klosterman, E. W. and Moxon, A. L. 1964. Studies on the utilization and digestion of long, ground and pelleted alfalfa and mixed hay. J. Anim. Sci. 23: 94–99 (1, 2, 3).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, R. M. and Hanke, H. E. 1965. Effect of hay pellets, pelleted ear corn or complete pelleted rations on the feedlot performance of lambs. Anim. Prod. 7: 233–238 (4, 5).Google Scholar
Kromann, R. P. and Meyer, J. H. 1966. Energy metabolism in sheep as influenced by interactions among the ration's energy content, physical form and buffers. J. Anim. Sci. 25: 1096–1101 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lonsdale, C. R. and Teyler, J. C. 1969. The effect of stage of maturity of artificially dried ryegrass and method of processing on the growth of young cattle. Anim. Prod. 11: 273 (Abstr.) (1, 2, 3).Google Scholar
Mccroskey, J. E., Pope, L. S., Stephens, D. F. and Waller, G. 1961. Effect of pelleting steer-fattening rations of different concentrate to roughage ratios. J. Anim. Sci. 20: 42–45 (4, 5).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menzies, C. S., Richardson, D. and Cox, R. F. 1958. The relationship of physical balance to the utilization of pelleted and non-pelleted rations for lambs. Circ. Kansas Agric. Exp. Sta. No. 358, pp. 21–24 (5).Google Scholar
Meyer, J. H., Gaskill, R. L., Stoewsand, G. S. and Weir, W. C. 1959. Influence of pelleting on the utilisation of alfalfa. J. Anim. Sci. 18: 336–346 (1, 2, 3).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, J. H., Weir, W. C, Jones, L. G. and Hull, J. L. 1960. Effect of stage of maturity, dehydrating vs. field-curing and pelleting on alfalfa hay quality as measured by lamb gains. J. Anim. Sci. 19: 283–294 (3).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minson, D. J. 1963. The effect of pelleting and wafering on the feeding` value of roughage–a review. J. Br. Grassld Soc. 18: 39–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minson, D. J. and Milford, R. 1968. The nutritional value of four tropical grasses when fed as chaff and pellets to sheep. Aust. J. exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 8: 270–276 (1).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nenson, A. B. and Furr, R. D. 1960. Pelleted prairie hay for wintering calves. Misc. Publ. Oklahoma agric. Exp. Stn, No. 57, pp. 94–96 (3).Google Scholar
Paladines, O. L., Reid, J. T., Van Niekerk, B. D. H. and Bensadoun, A. 1964. Energy utilization by sheep as influenced by the physical form, composition and level of intake of diet. J. Nutr. 83: 49–59 (1, 2, 3).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinot, R. 1965. [Utilization of pelleted feeds by slaughter lambs. I. Comparison of normal and pelleted lucerne hay in a ration for slaughter lambs.] Annls Zootech. 14: 153–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, J. B., Trimberger, G. W. and Tro, B. V. 1966. Ground and pelleted hay for dairy cattle. Bull. Cornell agric. Exp. Stn, No. 1010 (1, 2, 3).Google Scholar
Tayler, J. C. 1970. Dried forages and beef production. J. Br. Grassld Soc. 25: 180–190 (2).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, O. O., Joppa, L., Hartman, G. and Van Horn, J. L. 1960. Effect of various roughage-concentrate ratios in pelleted and non-pelleted rations on weight gains of lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 19: 968–969 (Abstr.) (5).Google Scholar
Thomson, D. J., Armstrong, D. G. and Prescott, J. H. D. 1969. Influence of physical structure on the utilization of dried grass and silage. Proc. 3rd Gen. Meeting Europ. Grassld Fed. pp. 253–258.Google Scholar
Thomson, D. J., Beever, D. E., Coehlo Da Silva, J. F. and Armstrong, D. G. 1969. Sites of digestion in sheep of a dried lucerne fed in three different physical forms. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 28: 24A–25A (Abstr.).Google ScholarPubMed
Türker, H. 1969. Intake and digestibility by sheep of diets containing different proportions and forms of barley and dried grass. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Aberdeen (4).Google Scholar
Van Der Merwe, F. W., Ferreira, I. L., Vosloo, L. P. and Labuschagne, D. G. F. 1962. A comparison between pelleted and chopped lucerne hay in the feeding of lambs. S. Afr. J. agric. Sci. 5: 109–121 (1, 2, 3).Google Scholar
Wainman, F. W., Smith, J. S. and Blaxter, K. L. 1971. Voluntary intake and energy metabolism of sheep fed chopped dried grass and the same material milled and pelleted. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 30: 23A–24A (Abstr.).Google ScholarPubMed
Wallace, J. D., Raleigh, R. J. and Sawyer, W. A. 1960. Utilization of chopped, wafered and pelleted native meadow hay by weaned Hereford calves. J. Anim. Sci. 20: 778–781 (1, 2, 3).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, R. J., Cmarik, G. F. and Cate, H. A. 1957. Comparison of feeding three forages as baled hay, chopped hay, hay pellets and silage to steer calves. J. Anim. Sci. 16: 1057–1058 (Abstr.) (3).Google Scholar
Weir, W. C, Meyer, J. H., Garrett, W. N., Lofgreen, G. P. and Iittner, N. R. 1959. Pelleted rations compared to similar rations fed chopped or ground for steers and lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 18: 805–814 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weston, R. H. 1967. Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. 2. Studies with wheaten hay. Aust. J. agric. Res. 18: 983–1002 (1).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, W. and Rhodes, R. W. 1962. Effect of varying roughage to concentrate ratios on the utilization by lambs of rations differing in physical form. J. Anim. Sci. 21: 479–482 (4, 5).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, P. L., Pope, A. L. and Phillips, P. H. 1962. Pelleted roughages for gestating and lactating ewes. Res. Bull. Wise. agric. Exp. Stn, No. 239 (3).Google Scholar
Wright, P. L., Pope, A. L. and Phillips, P. H. 1963. Effect of physical form of ration upon digestion and volatile fatty acid production invivo and invitro. J. Anim. Sci. 22: 586–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar