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Government Leaks in the Internet Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Roger P. Alford
Roger P. Alford*
Affiliation:
Pepperdine University School of Law
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Abstract

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Type
Espionage and the First Amendment After Wikileaks
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 105 , 2011 , pp. 147 - 150
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2011

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References

1 Stewart Brand, the Media Lab: Inventino the Future of M.I.T. 202, 211 (1987); Katz, Jon, The Netížen: Birth of a Digital Nation, Wired (Apr. 1997)Google Scholar, http://www.wired.eom/wired/archive/5.04/netizen.html.

2 Henkin, Louis, The Right to Know and the Duty to Withhold: The Case of the Pentagon Papers, 120 U. Pa. L. Rev. 271 (1971)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 U.S. Const., art. III, § 3.

4 18 U.S.C. § 793.

5 18 U.S.C. § 952; Edgar, Harold & Schmidt, Benno Jr., The Espionage Statutes and Publication of Defense Information, 73 L. Rev. 929, 1060-61 (1973)Google Scholar.

6 18 U.S.C. §§ 795, 797; Edgar & Schmidt, supra note 5, at 1069-73.

7 Edgar & Schmidt, supra note 5, at 1021-31.

8 18 U.S.C. § 2511.

9 Slevin, Peter & Leonnig, Carol, Inquiry as Exacting as Special Counsel Is, Wash. Post, Oct. 24, 2005 Google Scholar.

10 US CIA Case Reporter Will Testify, BBC News, Sept. 30, 2005, available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4296090.stm.

11 18 U.S.C. § 1832.

12 Gentile v. Nevada, 501 U.S. 1031 (1991); Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665 (1972); Shepherd v. Maxwell, 384 U.S. 333 (1966).

13 N.Y. Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971); but see United States v. Progressive, Inc., 467 F.Supp. 990 (W.D. Wis. 1979).

14 United States v. Morison, 844 F.2d 1057 (4th Cir. 1988).

15 Assange, Julian, Conspiracy as Governance (Dec. 3, 2006)Google Scholar, available at http://cryptome.org/0002/ja-conspi-racies.pdf.

16 Id. at 2-4.

17 Id. at 2.

18 Id. at 5.

19 Khatchadourian, Raffi, No Secrets: Julian Assange’s Mission for Total Transparency, New Yorker, June 7, 2010.Google Scholar

20 Assange, supra note 15, at 2-3.

21 Khatchadourian, supra note 19.

22 Id.; Foust, Joshua, TheAssange Leaks, Colum. Journalism Rev., July 26, 2010 Google Scholar, available at http://www.cjr.org/campaign_desk/the_assange_leaks.php; Top-Level Defectors from N. Korea Identified, Chosunilbo (Dec. 3, 2010), available at http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/12/03/2010120300898.htral; Richardson, James, Us Cable Leaks’ Collateral Damage in Zimbabwe, Guardian, Jan. 3, 2011 Google Scholar, available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/jan/03/zimbabwe-morgan-tsvangirai; Norman, Joshua, U.S. Envoy to Libya Wikileaks’ First Casualty?, CBS News World, Jan. 5, 2011 Google Scholar, available at http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20027335-503543.html; Alford, Roger, OpenLeaks Founder Explains Assange’s Indifference to Privacy Interests, Opinio Juris, Mar. 30, 2011 Google Scholar, available at http://opiniojuris.org/2011/03/30/openleaks-founder-explains-assanges-indifference-to-privacy-interests/.

23 Keller, Bill, Dealing with Assange and the Wikileaks Secret, N.Y. Times Mag., Jan. 26, 2011.Google Scholar

24 United States v. Rosen, 445 F. Supp. 2d 602, 626 (E.D. Va. 2006) (discussing intent requirement for prosecution under the Espionage Act).